Who said hip-hop was dead? The politics of hip-hop culture in Immortal Technique’s lyrics

Vito, Christopher

doi:10.1177/1367877914528529

Cited by 10 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…They instead socially construct and advocate for a brand of authenticity rooted in hip-hop's origins. hip-hop focuses on music created by established indie labels and produced outside the confines of the three major music labels (Vito 2015). While these terms are not binary or dichotomous as independent and major label artists often mediate both realms, they provide an important framework for indie musicians to make economic and cultural grievances toward major corporations and mainstream culture.…”

Section: Overview Of Major Findingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The underground acts are often not signed to major labels and have not sold over 500,000 albums, but are trying to launch their career in the music industry . This book focuses on the middle tier of hip-hop music, which is more specifically defined as music created by established independent labels and produced outside the confines of the three major record labels (Vito 2015). These performers are generally locally and regionally successful but operate without the aid of major corporations .…”

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“…These performers are generally locally and regionally successful but operate without the aid of major corporations . Additionally, the terms mainstream, underground, and independent are not intended to be dichotomous, static, and reducible to a "set of sine qua non," but rather, a spectrum or continuum that is interrelated, overlapping, emergent, and discursively constructed Vito 2015). As points out, many musicians traditionally classified as underground or independent, such as Common or Talib Kweli, are not underground or independent according to the aforementioned criteria.…”

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The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

Vito

2019

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use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this book are included in the book's Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the book's Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.

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The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

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2019

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“…My work highlights the importance of the continued need to study independent hip-hop, which has many complex pockets of cooptation and resistance (Rose 1994;Terkourafi 2010;Vito 2015a;Watkins 2005). A nuanced understanding of the struggles between cooptation and resistance will allow scholars to understand hip-hop as a site of contestation within the social landscape in America; particularly the contradictions among artists and listeners regarding issues of race, class, gender, and sexuality.…”

Section: Research Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…I believe that scholars need to continue to look both within the USA and globally to understand how different subcultures respond to periods of cooptation and resistance. This means that these dialectical forces must be analyzed with a strong understanding of the long history of struggle for power within the hip-hop community (Vito 2015a).…”

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Conclusions and Implications

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2019

The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

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This chapter discusses how previous chapters fill gaps in the literature and how this has implications for academics, readers, and the hip-hop community. Future research needs to be done to understand the current state of hip-hop and its relationship to the broader community. Artists' and listeners' grievances are changing, especially as independent hip-hop artists and listeners are becoming more diverse in terms of their gender, sexuality, and racial and ethnic make up, a new generation of artists and listeners is emerging, technological and media changes are shifting the boundaries between independent and major, and the political and economic context is shifting. All of these changes are likely to have important implications for the potential of indie hip-hop to inspire oppositional consciousness among its listeners. Keywords Cooptation and resistance • Diaspora and glocalization • Music and technology • Old school and new school hip-hop • Millennial generation • Fil-Am hip-hop Independent hip-hop has seen a revival in response to the mass corporatization of its culture in the 1990s (Watkins 2005). Songs such as "Commencement Day" by Blue Scholars (2005) write: "instead, rock the mixtape and Walkman discrete, with the headphones threaded from the pocket through the sleeve, you received education through the music you heard." They demonstrate the resurgence of an indie culture that CHAPTER 5 Conclusions and Implications

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Introduction

Vito¹

2019

The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

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To what extent and how does independent hip-hop challenge or reproduce US mainstream hip-hop culture and US culture more generally? This chapter attempts to address this age-old question. The author also reviews the history and literature on hip-hop culture, provides an overview of the underlying theory and methodology, and gives an outline of the remaining chapters. His research combines neo-Marxist, critical race, intersectional feminist, and queer theories, as well as Mansbridge and Morris' (Oppositional Consciousness: The Subjective Roots of Social Protest, University of Chicago Press, Chicago, 2001) concept of oppositional consciousness. The research design utilizes a mixed methods approach, which includes content analysis of twenty-five indie albums from 2000 to 2013 and interviews with forty-six members of the independent hip-hop community, to uncover the historical trajectory of independent hip-hop in the post-golden era and how it has affected the culture today. Keywords Independent hip-hop • Mainstream hip-hop • Post-golden era • Race and class • Gender and sexuality • Oppositional consciousness Hip-hop, or the cultural movement that developed during the late 1970s, and hip-hop music (aka rap music), or the aspect of hip-hop that focuses on the musical style where rhyming speech is done to the beat of CHAPTER 1 Introduction

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Who said hip-hop was dead? The politics of hip-hop culture in Immortal Technique’s lyrics

Cited by 10 publications

References 24 publications

The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

The Values of Independent Hip-Hop in the Post-Golden Era

Conclusions and Implications

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