Who Owns the Oil? The Politics of Ethnicity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Ejobowah, John Boye

doi:10.2979/aft.2000.47.1.28

Cited by 28 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…According to the 1958 Raisman Commission Report, petroleum profits were to be divided, with 50 percent allocated to the Niger Delta communities, since oil was located in their territory (derivation principle),20 percent to the Federal government, and 30 percent to a distributive pool for sharing among other regions in Nigeria, based on population and equality (Ejobowah, 2000). Nwabueze's study on this revealed that the relationship between the central government in Nigeria and the component units rested upon a balanced division of power and resources found in the environment, where each possessed the power over its natural resources without interference from the others (Nwabueze, 1995).…”

Section: Resource Control and Revenue Distribution In Post-colonial Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…By implication, the revenue-sharing formula in Nigeria thus emphasised the Federal government's self interest, which encouraged uneven distribution of oil proceeds in the country (Oyovbaire, 1985). To a large extent this was to pitch the ordinary people of the Niger Delta, such as the Ijaws and Ogonis, against the non-oil-producing states in Nigeria (Ejobowah, 2000). In short, the marginalisation, deprivation, poverty and long neglect suffered by the oil-producing communities of Delta was an underlying factor behind their demand for total resource control.…”

Section: Resource Control and Revenue Distribution In Post-colonial Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria : Example of Niger Delta Region , 1990s - 2010

Raji¹,

Grundlingh²,

Abejide³

2013

KCAJBMR

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This paper explores the nature of resource allocation in Nigeria with specific emphasis on the responses of Niger Delta Region to the politics of resource control as it affects oil fields in their territories. It investigates the factors responsible for persistent agitation for resource control by the local people, particularly the oil producing states, as well as the contradictions of resource control and the non oil-producing states in Nigeria. While the study notes that the region has enjoyed 50 percent allocation of revenue based on derivation, it also discovers that the military regime cancelled this which was adopted by successive government in Nigeria. The very important issue this paper addresses is why the abrogation of resource control took place in the first instance? The environmental despoliation of the region by the oil operators with little allocation that trickle down to the oil-producing area informed the massive protests and intense struggle for oil-resource control especially in the period 1990s and 2010. This paper further point out the fact that though the Niger Delta people's struggle was mainly environmental, in a wider perspective, it is political because of long neglect from economic benefits that come from oil production. The authors argues that the Delta wanted adequate electricity, good roads, pipeborne water, employment, good and functional health care centres, and access to quality education. It concludes that though the structure of the nation's political economy would never permit the federal government to relinquish or share the control of oil resources with the oilproducing states and communities, its failing promises to appropriate the revenue accrued from the region toward a sustainable development explain the basis for persistent demand and endless crisis in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria.

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Section: Resource Control and Revenue Distribution In Post-colonial Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resource Control and Revenue Distribution In Post-colonial Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria : Example of Niger Delta Region , 1990s - 2010

Raji¹,

Grundlingh²,

Abejide³

2013

KCAJBMR

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“…By 1978, The Nigerian Government had procured a 55 to 60 percent stake in all the multinational oil companies operating the country. With 60 percent acquisitions in these companies, the Nigerian Government retained majority control of the production and marketing of the country's oil (Ejobowah 2000). Atsegbua (1999,69) resources to fund exploration and production projects in the country, and the PSC attracted over 3billion USD in foreign investment and over 1,7billion USD of capital expenditure within a 10years period (ibid).…”

Section: An Historical Overview Of Oil Exploration and Exploitation Imentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Despite the abundant natural resources available in this region, the ethnic minorities who reside in the region lack access to these resources. The people of the Niger Delta Region perceive that the Federal government, which is in control of the resources, uses the region's oil wealth to develop other parts of the nation, neglecting their own oil-producing Niger Delta Region (Ejobowah 2000). Watts (2011) describes the Niger Delta as a region marginalized and excluded from the benefits of the oil.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This formula was in existence until the discovery of oil in the Niger Delta (Eastern Region) in 1956. A new formula named Raisman Commission Formula reduced the revenue allocation to the regions to 50 percent of their total contribution to the central government (Ejobowah 2000). The Raisman Commission was adopted by the government because this sharing formula was structured in such a way that revenues derived from crude oil were divided into three: one for the region of production, another for the federal government, and the third for a Distributive Pool Account (DPA).…”

Section: Government and Multinational Oil Companiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Social impacts of oil extraction in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria

Achunike¹

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Oil was discovered in Nigeria in1956 at Oloibiri in the Niger Delta Region after almost 50 years of exploration. Shell-BP at that time, was the sole concessionaire because non-British companies were not given exploration license to operate in Nigeria. After Nigerian Independence in 1960, exploration rights were extended to other multinational oil companies. More than 16 multinational oil companies were in operation with little or no supervision from the Nigerian Government, which created significant environmental, political,and social impact in the region. A critical discourse analysis of documents from Shell, Amnesty International, THISDAY Newspaper revealed that the Nigerian government has failed to safeguard the environment and the lives of the people. On the basis of evidence presented on this research, in addition to literature, it can be argued that oil has turned out to be a curse to the Niger Delta Region and Nigeria in general.

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Historical Narratives of the Ogoni and the Ijaw

Mai-Bornu

2020

Political Violence and Oil in Africa

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Who Owns the Oil? The Politics of Ethnicity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

The Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria : Example of Niger Delta Region , 1990s - 2010

The Politics of Resource Control in Nigeria : Example of Niger Delta Region , 1990s - 2010

Social impacts of oil extraction in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria

Historical Narratives of the Ogoni and the Ijaw

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