Who Owns the Oil?: The Politics of Ethnicity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Ejobowah, John Boye

doi:10.1353/at.2000.0011

Cited by 29 publications

(5 citation statements)

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“…There is a vast, growing and valuable literature on the Ogoni more specifically and the Niger Delta more generally which touches on many themes closely related to the focus of this study. Numerous studies have assessed the Ogoni or Niger Delta self-determination claims (Ejobowah 2000, Osaghae 1995, Senewo 2015 while Frynas (2001) convincingly highlights some of the corporate and state responses to the protests we emphasize in this study. A number of studies have highlighted the corporate role in violence and human rights violations against the oil-producing communities (Manby 1999, Pegg 1999 Ukiwo's (2007) work on how the turn toward militancy is specifically connected to a consistent failure to meet peaceful demands is particularly relevant for some of the arguments advanced in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Razed, repressed and bought off: The demobilization of the Ogoni protest campaign in the Niger Delta

Demirel-Pegg

Pegg

2015

The Extractive Industries and Society

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This study examines the demobilization of the Ogoni protest campaign in the oil producing Niger Delta region of Nigeria in the mid-1990s. The contentious politics literature suggest that protest campaigns demobilize as a consequence of the polarization between radical and moderate protesters. In this study, we offer a different causal mechanism and argue that protest campaigns can demobilize before such indiscriminate repression. Moreover, states can prevent the subsequent radicalization of a protest campaign followed by harsh repression by coopting the radicals and the remaining moderate elites while continuing to use repression to prevent collective action. Our conclusion assesses how relations between extractive industry firms and their local host communities have or have not changed in the twenty years since the hanging of Ken Saro-Wiwa in 1995.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 56%

Razed, repressed and bought off: The demobilization of the Ogoni protest campaign in the Niger Delta

Demirel-Pegg

Pegg

2015

The Extractive Industries and Society

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“…As a push back to the 'bads' they are left with, these coastal communities that depend on their ecosystem for survival but which can no longer sustain them take to 'illegal' extraction and refining of oil (Ikelegbe 2005;Onyena and Sam 2020). In this work, we adopt the use of the term 'artisanal refining' in lieu of 'illegal refining' because of the debates and conflicts surrounding the extraction of this resource found on their land for survival, whereby it is deemed rightfully legitimate in some quarters and illegal in others (Amah 2020;Ebeku 2002;Ejobowah 2000;Ikelegbe 2005; Niworu 2017; Ntor 2020; Okwelum 2021). There is the view that artisanal refiners are left with no options after the destruction of farming and fishing activities by oil exploration activities (Umukoro 2018).…”

Section: Environmental Injustice and The Wicked Problem Of Air Pollut...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Air Pollution, Climate Change and Ecosystem Health in the Niger Delta

2022

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There are interactions and feedbacks between air pollution as a driver of environmental change, climate change, and overall ecosystem health. Air pollution is a major environmental problem, particularly in developing countries where regulations may be lax. This paper explores the nexus between air pollution, climate change and overall ecosystem health in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. It brings novelty by exploring these issues with an environmental justice lens. This is particularly pertinent due to the ecological sensitiveness of the region and the high dependence of the indigenes on the land and water. The region’s ecosystem is becoming more and more threatened as pollution increases and the climate changes further. Nigeria’s position as the largest oil producer in Africa and the sixth largest in the world is due to the oil and gas reserves of its Niger Delta region. The irony becomes that while the region is the mainstay of the Nigerian economy or is a source of national ‘good’, they have received in return only environmental ‘bads’. The many levels of deprivation experienced by the indigenes of the Niger Delta is a classic case of environmental injustice where the region disproportionately bears a much higher burden of air, land, and water pollution in comparison to other parts of the country. Gas flaring, fossil fuel burning, artisanal refining of crude, and transportation are found to be the main sources of air pollution in the locality. Mitigating air pollution and the attendant impacts requires urgent action and concerted effort at the individual, local and national levels. This paper provides recommendations in this regard.

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“…Also, the locals who lose their farmland to oil spills are mostly not compensated. (Ejobowah, 2000;Frynas, 2000;Manby, 1999;Obi, 2006;UNDP, 2006;Welch, 1995). Accordingly, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP), in a blunt description of the level of underdevelopment in the Niger Delta region, carefully observed that the expectations of the people are falling despite the increase of oil prices.…”

Section: The Niger Delta Region and Underdevelopmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Restructuring NDDC: Pathway to Development in the Niger Delta Region

Kingsley¹,

Ogbonna²

2021

Ujah J. Art Hum

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Niger Delta comprises of the South-South states, Ondo state from the South west, Imo and Abia States from the South East region of Nigeria. Despite the huge mineral resources that the region generates and the driving force to the national economy, the region remains in abject poverty, youth unemployment, poor infrastructure and high level insecurity. This paper investigates the role of NDDC, successes and challenges in the development of Niger Delta region. The Marxist instrumentalist theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. Documentary method was adopted as the method of data collection and content analysis was employed as the method of analysis. The paper found out that the federal government has created several interventionist bodies which include the Niger Delta Development Board (NDDB) (1958), the Oil Minerals Producing and Development Commission (OMPADEC) (1992), the Niger Delta Development Commission (NDDC) (2000) and the most recent, Ministry of Niger Delta (2008). In spite of this various interventionist bodies, the region is still far underdeveloped with little or nothing on ground compared to what is being exploited from the region. As an oil producing region, it ought to enjoy massive infrastructural development, job creation, empowerment programs and peaceful society, among others. However, this paper is of the view that a lot still needs to be done, as the region is retrogressing speedily instead of progressing in regards to the core indices of development. This paper also found out that corruption has eaten deep into the affair of NDDC. There is also a report of a cabal who hijacks contracts and sells it to contractors that end up doing low standard jobs not in line with the bill of quantities or not doing at all. The paper recommends total restructuring of Ministry of Niger Delta and NDDC in area of staff posting and review of organogram of the board. There should be a think-tank team of individuals with reputable character both from government and representatives of the people, towards listing out the needs of the people according to preference. A review of projects done and the ones ongoing across the Niger Delta oil producing states with the contractors involved to see if it is in line with the bill of quantities, any contractor found wanting should face the full wrath of the law. Keywords: Restructuring, Development, Niger Delta, Corruption, Oil Politics

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Who Owns the Oil?: The Politics of Ethnicity in the Niger Delta of Nigeria

Cited by 29 publications

References 0 publications

Razed, repressed and bought off: The demobilization of the Ogoni protest campaign in the Niger Delta

Razed, repressed and bought off: The demobilization of the Ogoni protest campaign in the Niger Delta

Air Pollution, Climate Change and Ecosystem Health in the Niger Delta

Restructuring NDDC: Pathway to Development in the Niger Delta Region

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