Who is going to rescue the rescuers? Post-traumatic stress disorder among rescue workers operating in Greece during the European refugee crisis

Sifaki-Pistolla, Dimitra; Chatzea, Vasiliki-Eirini; Vlachaki, Sofia-Aikaterini; Melidoniotis, Evangelos; Pistolla, Georgia

doi:10.1007/s00127-016-1302-8

Cited by 41 publications

(44 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…‘‘Rescue workers’’ or ‘‘rescuers’’ are defined as the professionals or volunteers who engage in stressful activities targeted at providing assistance to people in emergency circumstances [118]. It is totally clear that the refugee crisis had a negative impact on rescue workers’ mental health.…”

Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is totally clear that the refugee crisis had a negative impact on rescue workers’ mental health. As with disaster victims and refugees, rescue and caregiving personnel may be at high risk of psychological impairment and PTSD, especially without adequate training or psychological support [118]. Many significant factors were identified as predictors for PTSD, perceived burnout, and well-being, including the family status (higher in single, divorced personnel) and increasing age, as well as the duration of demanding situations, such as gathering dead bodies.…”

Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many significant factors were identified as predictors for PTSD, perceived burnout, and well-being, including the family status (higher in single, divorced personnel) and increasing age, as well as the duration of demanding situations, such as gathering dead bodies. Female rescue workers were at significantly greater risk of PTSD [118]. …”

Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Greek Healthcare System: A Long Road to Ithaca

Kotsiou

Kotsios

Srivastava

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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Greece is the country of “Xenios Zeus”, the Ancient Greek god of foreigners and hospitality; however, it is also the main point of entry to Europe. Since the beginning of 2014, 1,112,332 refugees crossed the borders of Greece. Overall, 33,677 children and adolescent refugees sought asylum in Greece from 2013 to 2017, while 57,042 refugees are currently being hosted. The rapid entry of refugees into Greece raised the critical issue of health policy. The Greek National Health Service (NHS) faces many challenges. Adequate economic and human support is essential if this situation is to be managed successfully. However, Greece still bears the burden of the economic downturn since 2009. In fact, the crisis led to shortages in crucial equipment, and unmet health needs for both locals and refugees. The NHS deals with traumatic experiences, as well as cultural and linguistic differences. Overcrowded reception centers and hotspots are highly demanding and are associated with severe disease burden. This highlights the importance of guidelines for medical screening, healthcare provision, and a well-managed transition to definitive medical facilities. Furthermore, non-governmental organizations make an essential contribution by ensuring appropriate support to refugee minors, especially when they experience poor access to the NHS.

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Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Impact Of the Refugee Crisis On The Well-being Of Rescue mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Greek Healthcare System: A Long Road to Ithaca

Kotsiou

Kotsios

Srivastava

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…There is evidence that the stressors experienced by emergency service workers can cause mental disorders such as depression, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [2,12,13]. Factors that have been proposed to affect PTSD symptoms include age, sex, education, length of employment in emergency service work, lack of continuous psychological care, exposure to human remains, stress-coping, social support, and resilience [14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21]. The above factors may influence the association between quality of life (QOL) and PTSD among rescue workers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between probable posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life in emergency service workers: a mediation analysis using a third potential model with both in parallel and in series effects; a cross-sectional study

Noda¹,

Asano²,

Shimizu³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background The present study used a third potential model with both in parallel and in series effects to identify mediators influencing the association between probable posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and quality of life (QOL). In addition, we sought to clarify how stress-coping behaviors influence components of QOL. Methods Participants were 220 emergency service workers. PTSD was assessed using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). QOL was assessed using the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36). Mediation analysis and moderated mediation analysis of interaction effects with a third potential model were used to examine the effects of stress-coping (Brief COPE scores), social support (Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support [MSPSS] scores), and resilience (Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale [CD-RISC] scores) on the association between probable PTSD and QOL. Results The mediation analysis with confounders suggested an acceptable model fit. The moderated mediation analysis did not indicate differences in the moderators. IES-R scores were significantly positively associated with Active coping, Venting, and Positive reframing in Brief COPE scores and were significantly negatively associated with MSPSS scores. Active coping, Venting, and Positive reframing in Brief COPE and MSPSS scores was significantly positively associated with CD-RISC scores, which were significantly positively associated with SF-36 scores. A sensitivity analysis comparing the results between the full information maximum likelihood method and the list-wise deletion method indicated that the 95% confidence interval included zero and a good model fit was not maintained for indices of coping strategies in Venting and Positive reframing in Brief COPE scores. Conclusions Active coping in response to stressful situations is an important behavior for maintaining good mental health among emergency service workers. In addition, Active coping in stress-coping and social support may have strengthened participants’ resilience, and resilience may have improved QOL. However, Positive reframing and Venting might have confounded the results because they exhibited a Not Missing At Random data distribution. Screening of mental health and QOL should include simultaneous assessment of stress-coping, social support, and resilience. Although the present findings are suggestive, because this was a cross-sectional study, causal relationships between PTSD and QOL mediated by three mediators could not be confirmed.

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“…[12][13][14] Factors that may be associated with increases in PTSD symptoms include age, gender, marital status, education, period of time working in rescue operations during disasters, period of employment as a firefighter or EMT, early arrival in areas where a disaster has occurred, lack of psychological care, and exposure to human remains. 2,[15][16][17][18][19] Resilience has been shown to reduce PTSD symptoms, 20 and early arrival in disaster areas has been shown to increase them. 2 Many covariates are potential confounding factors that influence changes in PTSD symptoms, but no decisive predictors of PTSD have been identified except for resilience and early arrival.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Subgroup Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Rescue Workers in Japan With the Impact of Event Scale–Revised

Noda

Asano

Shimizu

et al. 2018

Disaster med. public health prep.

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This study found that higher education and resilience reduced all 3 factors in the Impact of Event Scale-Revised and improved the symptoms of intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal. Counseling and early arrival were also associated with improvement in certain items. However, counseling was also linked to increased avoidance and worsening psychophysiological reactions. Further research is recommended to clarify these relationships. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 10).

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Who is going to rescue the rescuers? Post-traumatic stress disorder among rescue workers operating in Greece during the European refugee crisis

Cited by 41 publications

References 47 publications

Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Greek Healthcare System: A Long Road to Ithaca

Impact of the Refugee Crisis on the Greek Healthcare System: A Long Road to Ithaca

Association between probable posttraumatic stress disorder and quality of life in emergency service workers: a mediation analysis using a third potential model with both in parallel and in series effects; a cross-sectional study

Assessing Subgroup Differences in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Among Rescue Workers in Japan With the Impact of Event Scale–Revised

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