WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt

Akl, Ola; El.Mahalli, Azza Ali; Elkahky, Ahmed Awad; Salem, Abdallah Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.jtumed.2013.06.002

Cited by 79 publications

(270 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The irrational prescribing practices exist all over the world and ultimately lead to unwanted effects in patients [6]. In this study, the WHO/INRUD drug use indicators were used to identify current treatment practices that may help to resolve problems regarding drug therapy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WHO deems it as a safety measure for patients as it clearly depicts and gives easy accessible information, and leads to better communication among healthcare providers [6]. The results revealed that the Table 2).…”

Section: Prescribing Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…The optimal values for prescribing [4,5,7], patientcare and facility-specific indicators [5,6,14] were adopted from previous studies. The optimal values for consultation and dispensing time were set as ≥10 min and ≥90 s, respectively.…”

Section: Study Design and Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Irrational utilization of medicines can also cause an increase in morbidity and mortality associated with chronic conditions such as diabetes, hypertension, epilepsy and neurological disorders [3]. The increase in antibiotic resistance due to the overuse of antibiotics is one of the major problems of the irrational use of medicines [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment Of Core Drug Use Indicators Using Who/Inrud Methodology At Primary Health Care Centers In Bahawalpur, Pakistan

et al. 2016

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Background: Proper utilization of medicines is a critical component of pharmaceutical care plan. The aim of this study was to assess drug use pattern at ten primary healthcare centers (PHCCs) of the Bahawalpur district of the Punjab province of Pakistan by employing the WHO/INRUD core drug use indicators. Methods: This was a descriptive, non-experimental and cross-sectional study. For the prescribing indicators, 1000 prescriptions (100 prescriptions per PHCC) were systematically sampled out of the total 290,000 prescriptions written during January to December 2014. A total of 300 randomly selected patients (30 per PHCC) and 10 pharmacy personnel (one per PHCC) were observed and interviewed to investigate the patient-care and facility-specific indicators, respectively. We used published ideal standards for each of the WHO/INRUD indicators. Results: Among the prescribing indicators, the average number of drugs per encounter was 3.4 (SD = 0.8) (optimal range = 1.6-1.8), the drugs prescribed by the generic name were 71.6% (optimal value = 100%), the encounters with an antibiotic prescribed were 48.9% (optimal range = 20.0-26.8%), the encounters with an injection prescribed were 27.1% (optimal range = 13.4-24.1%) and the drugs prescribed from the Essential Drugs List (EDL) were 93.4% (optimal value = 100%). Among the patient-care indicators, the average consultation time was 2.2 min (SD = 0.8) (optimal value ≥10 min), the average dispensing time was 38 s (SD = 12.1) (optimal value ≥90 s), the percentage of drugs actually dispensed was 90.9% (optimal value = 100%), the percentage of drugs adequately labeled was 100% (optimal value = 100%) and the patients' knowledge of correct dosage was 62.1% (optimal value = 100%). Among the facility-specific indicators, all PHCCs had a copy of the EDL and the key drugs available in the stock were 82% (optimal value = 100%). Conclusions: Irrational use of drugs was observed in all healthcare facilities. This study necessitates the need to implement the WHO/INRUD recommended 12 core interventions to promote rational use of medicines.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Prescribing Indicatorsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Study Design and Outcome Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessment Of Core Drug Use Indicators Using Who/Inrud Methodology At Primary Health Care Centers In Bahawalpur, Pakistan

et al. 2016

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“…In the eastern part of Saudi Arabia, the average drug dispensing time is 100 (58-180) seconds (6) and in Egypt (Alexandria) it is less than 60 (47.4) seconds (7). In Kragujevac, the average drug dispensing time was between 20.4 and 48.2 seconds, and times were longer in private pharmacies (8).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of Service Quality at Community Pharmacies in the City of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia / Procena Kvaliteta Usluge U Apotekama U Gradu Beogradu, Republika Srbija

Prokic

Davidovic

Gunjic

2014

Serbian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research

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Development of educational intervention on the responsible use of medicines in public

Liu

Dawood

Hassali

2021

J Public Health (Berl.)

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WHO/INRUD drug use indicators at primary healthcare centers in Alexandria, Egypt

Cited by 79 publications

References 5 publications

Assessment Of Core Drug Use Indicators Using Who/Inrud Methodology At Primary Health Care Centers In Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Assessment Of Core Drug Use Indicators Using Who/Inrud Methodology At Primary Health Care Centers In Bahawalpur, Pakistan

Assessment of Service Quality at Community Pharmacies in the City of Belgrade, Republic of Serbia / Procena Kvaliteta Usluge U Apotekama U Gradu Beogradu, Republika Srbija

Development of educational intervention on the responsible use of medicines in public

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