WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach?

Astrup, Arne; Bertram, Hanne Christine; Bonjour, J. P.; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de; Otto, Marcia C. de Oliveira; Feeney, Emma L.; Garg, Manohar L.; Givens, Ian; Kok, F.J.; Krauss, Ronald M.; Lamarche, Benoı̂t; Lecerf, Jean; Legrand, Philippe; McKinley, Michelle; Micha, Renata; Michalski, Marie‐Caroline; Mozaffarian, Dariush; Soedamah‐Muthu, Sabita S.

doi:10.1136/bmj.l4137

Cited by 141 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…72 LDL-C might thus provide misleading information as to the effect of diet on ASCVD risk and may therefore be an inappropriate marker for informing dietary advice. 73,74 A further level of complexity regarding recommendations for dietary fat intake is the fact that dietary fats comprise heterogeneous molecules with diverse structures even within conventional fat classes (i.e., saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids). 74 For example, odd-chain SFAs (C15:0 and C17:0) are relatively unique to dairy fat, are not synthesized by humans, and are therefore regarded as reasonable biomarkers of dairy fat consumption.…”

Section: Insulin Resistance/compensatory Hyperinsulinemia/prediabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…74 Collectively, this does not speak to restricting all food sources of dietary saturated fat for cardiometabolic health and supports foodbased, instead of nutrient-based dietary recommendations. 73 HDL-C and HDL subclasses. While clinical and epidemiological evidence have consistently shown an inverse association between HDL-C levels and ASCVD, 75,76 the failure of clinical trials targeting HDL-C to show prognostic benefit, 77 in conjunction with genetic evidence, 78 supports the notion that HDL-C is not causal in ASCVD.…”

Section: Insulin Resistance/compensatory Hyperinsulinemia/prediabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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High-Risk Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Phenotype: The Roles of Ectopic Adiposity, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation

Lechner

McKenzie²,

Kränkel

et al. 2020

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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Current algorithms for assessing risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and, in particular, the reliance on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol in conditions where this measurement is discordant with apoB and LDL-particle concentrations fail to identify a sizeable part of the population at high risk for adverse cardiovascular events. This results in missed opportunities for ASCVD prevention, most notably in those with metabolic syndrome, prediabetes, and diabetes. There is substantial evidence that accumulation of ectopic fat and associated metabolic traits are markers for and pathogenic components of high-risk atherosclerosis. Conceptually, the subset of advanced lesions in high-risk atherosclerosis that triggers vascular complications is closely related to a set of coordinated high-risk traits clustering around a distinct metabolic phenotype. A key feature of this phenotype is accumulation of ectopic fat, which, coupled with age-related muscle loss, creates a milieu conducive for the development of ASCVD: atherogenic dyslipidemia, nonresolving inflammation, endothelial dysfunction, hyperinsulinemia, and impaired fibrinolysis. Sustained vascular inflammation, a hallmark of high-risk atherosclerosis, impairs plaque stabilization in this phenotype. This review describes how metabolic and inflammatory processes that are promoted in large measure by ectopic adiposity, as opposed to subcutaneous adipose tissue, relate to the pathogenesis of high-risk atherosclerosis. Clinical biomarkers indicative of these processes provide incremental information to standard risk factor algorithms and advanced lipid testing identifies atherogenic lipoprotein patterns that are below the discrimination level of standard lipid testing. This has the potential to enable improved identification of high-risk patients who are candidates for therapeutic interventions aimed at prevention of ASCVD.

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Section: Insulin Resistance/compensatory Hyperinsulinemia/prediabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Insulin Resistance/compensatory Hyperinsulinemia/prediabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

High-Risk Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Phenotype: The Roles of Ectopic Adiposity, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation

Lechner

McKenzie²,

Kränkel

et al. 2020

Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders

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“…Beef fat is primarily categorized into three; subcutaneous, intermuscular and intramuscular fat [112]. Saturated FA (SFA) whose levels are high in ruminant meat due to hydrogenation of dietary unsaturated FA in the rumen, are associated with health risks such as coronary heart disease [113,114], although this association remains controversial [115,116]. Monounsaturated FA (MUFA) is reported to be associated with lower mortality rate [117] although other studies did not find any association [115].…”

Section: Meat Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics

Mwangi

Charmley

Gardiner

et al. 2019

Foods

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A comprehensive review of the impact of tropical pasture grazing, nutritional supplementation during feedlot finishing and fat metabolism-related genes on beef cattle performance and meat-eating traits is presented. Grazing beef cattle on low quality tropical forages with less than 5.6% crude protein, 10% soluble starches and 55% digestibility experience liveweight loss. However, backgrounding beef cattle on high quality leguminous forages and feedlot finishing on high-energy diets increase meat flavour, tenderness and juiciness due to improved intramuscular fat deposition and enhanced mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acids. This paper also reviews the roles of stearoyl-CoA desaturase, fatty acid binding protein 4 and fatty acid synthase genes and correlations with meat traits. The review argues that backgrounding of beef cattle on Desmanthus, an environmentally well-adapted and vigorous tropical legume that can persistently survive under harsh tropical and subtropical conditions, has the potential to improve animal performance. It also identifies existing knowledge gaps and research opportunities in nutrition-genetics interactions aimed at a greater understanding of grazing nutrition, feedlot finishing performance, and carcass traits of northern Australian tropical beef cattle to enable red meat industry players to work on marbling, juiciness, tenderness and overall meat-eating characteristics.

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“…Auch innerhalb anderer Gruppen von Fettsäuren, etwa bei gesättigten, einfach ungesättigten oder trans-Fettsäuren, finden sich Unterschiede in Struktur, Biologie, Metabolismus und Prognose. Somit ist die bisher gängige Gruppennomenklatur der Fettsäuren unbrauchbar, und darauf beruhende Forschungsergebnisse und Leitliniensind veraltet, was beispielsweise die Weltgesundheitsorganisation, nicht aber die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Ernährung zur Kenntnis nimmt [5].…”

Section: Gruppennomenklatur Der Fettsäuren Ist Unbrauchbarunclassified

Verwirrung um die Wirkung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren

Schacky

2019

Internist

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WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach?

Abstract: WHO draft guidelines on dietary saturated and trans fatty acids: time for a new approach? The 2018 WHO draft guidance on fatty acids fails to consider the importance of the food matrix, argue Arne Astrup and colleagues

Cited by 141 publications

References 35 publications

High-Risk Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Phenotype: The Roles of Ectopic Adiposity, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation

High-Risk Atherosclerosis and Metabolic Phenotype: The Roles of Ectopic Adiposity, Atherogenic Dyslipidemia, and Inflammation

Diet and Genetics Influence Beef Cattle Performance and Meat Quality Characteristics

Verwirrung um die Wirkung von Omega-3-Fettsäuren

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