Who Does Greenpeace India Represent?

Abstract

The global governance literature is increasingly concerned with questions regarding the purpose of global governance and the sources of power in world politics. One strand of this debate centers on nongovernmental organizations and to what extent their role in global politics and policy processes is legitimate. This article uses Greenpeace India as an instructive case study to analyze the legitimacy problems facing international nongovernmental organizations (INGO s) campaigning on a global policy platform in the context of domestic politics. The article argues that the undertheorization of INGO s’ agency as global actors is likely to reproduce processes of structural delegitimation that maintain a discrepancy between two of their legitimacy constructs. This is exemplified in questions about their representativeness and restrictive regulatory frameworks that undermine their legality. This article proposes that developing a more nuanced empirical understanding of the endogenous and exogenous limits of INGO s’ power can help bridge the theoretical gap between their global and local agencies.

Climate Change and the Voluntary Sector: An Introduction

“…These include work on the “new environmentalism” (e.g., Connors & McDonald, 2011), “green economy” (e.g., Mukonza & Mukonza, 2015), collective approaches to climate governance (e.g., Glemarec & Puppim de Oliveira, 2012), multi-sector climate adaptation policy (e.g., Henstra, 2017), and the role of non-state actors such as civil society institutions in implementing United Nation Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and in shaping “global normative frameworks” (e.g., Hickman et al, 2021; Jain et al, 2021; Szczepanska, 2017, p. 167). Two articles are also interested in critiquing voluntary sector participation in climate mitigation, such as conservation NGOs that generate moral hazards when they benefit from carbon offset programs (Gilbertson, 2021), or the legitimacy problems a global actor such as Greenpeace India encounters in the context of domestic politics (Thrandardottir & Mitra, 2019).…”