Who benefits from paid family leave? Impact of expansions in Canadian paid family leave on maternal employment and transfer income

Abstract

Canada, Family leave, J160, J180, J220,

Parental leave reforms and the employment of new mothers: Quasi-experimental evidence from Japan

“…An extension of the maximum duration of paid leave and/or job protection causes mothers to stay at home for longer periods (Schonberg and Ludsteck, 2007;Baker and Milligan, 2008;Hanratty and Trzcinski, 2009;Lalive and Zweimuller, 2009;Lalive et al, 2013). 9 However, there is little evidence that the extension of leave increases the likelihood of mothers returning to work (including return-to-work with other employers) after the completion of PL (Schonberg and Ludsteck, 2007;Hanratty and Trzcinski, 2009). This is because the extended period of leave may induce mothers to have another child and/or might depreciate mothers' human capital and change their preferences.…”

“…3 Examples include, but are not limited to, Schonberg and Ludsteck (2007), Baker and Milligan (2008), Hanratty and Trzcinski (2009), Zweimuller (2009), andLalive et al (2013). 4 To my knowledge, Baker and Milligan (2008) and Schonberg and Ludsteck (2007) are some of the other studies that mainly focus on job continuity.…”

Public Policies, Women's Employment after Childbearing, and Child Well-Being

“…As Klerman and Leibowitz (1997) discuss, job-protected leave entitlements are expected to increase leave-taking but have ambiguous effects on work, primarily because some parents may choose a short job-protected leave rather than longer absences that require finding a new job. Most studies find that leave rights are associated with a lower probability that a mother works in the months immediately after a birth but with little if any effect on longer-term employment or earnings (Han et al 2009; Hanratty and Trzcinski 2009; Lalive and Zweimuller 2009). 4 Conversely, child care subsidies lead to substantial increases in maternal labor supply (Berger and Black 1992; Blau and Tekin 2007; Lefebvre and Merrigan 2008) and welfare reform has been found to increase the employment of single mothers (Blank 2002; Grogger and Karoly 2005).…”

Parental leave regulations, mothers’ labor force attachment and fathers’ childcare involvement: evidence from a natural experiment

“…Rønsen and Sunderström 2002, Baker and Milligan 2008, Schönberg and Ludsteck 2008, Lalive and Zweimüller 2009, Hanratty and Trzcinski 2009. In addition, the introduction of parental leave options that are specifically designed for fathers (the "daddy months") has been shown to lead to an increase in fathers' leave-taking.…”