“Who are You and What are You Doing Here?”: Social Capital and Barriers to Movement along the HIV Care Cascade among Tajikistani Migrants with HIV to Russia

Bromberg, Daniel J.; Tate, Mary M; Alaei, Arash; Rozanova, Julia; Karimov, Saifuddin; Saidi, Dilshod; Alaei, Kamiar; Altice, Frederick L.

doi:10.1007/s10461-021-03359-w

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…As for psychosocial-related factors, police-enacted stigma was associated with sexual activity with multiple sex partners and FSW in the last 30 days whereas depression was associated with condomless sex both in general and specifically with FSW. These findings add to the documented role of both police-enacted stigma and depression to be associated with HIV sexual risk behavior among Tajik labor migrants [35][36][37][38]. To contextualize intersectional stigma, effective HIV prevention programming among Tajik labor migrants should specifically aim to alleviate the pressure of police aggression and harassment on overall wellbeing, consistent with a separate study that recognizes the role of policing in HIV prevention programming among labor migrants [17].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow

Luc,

Levy,

Bahromov

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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Background The interplay of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) knowledge and self-perception of risk for HIV among people who inject drugs is complex and understudied, especially among temporary migrant workers who inject drugs (MWID) while in a host country. In Russia, Tajik migrants make up the largest proportion of Moscow’s foreign labor. Yet, HIV knowledge and self-perceived risk in association with sexual risk behavior among male Tajik MWID in Moscow remains unknown. Objective This research examines knowledge about HIV transmission, self-perception of HIV risk, and key psychosocial factors that possibly contribute to sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor MWID living in Moscow. Methods Structured interviews were conducted with 420 male Tajik labor MWID. Modified Poisson regression models investigated possible associations between major risk factors and HIV sexual risk behavior. Results Of the 420 MWID, 255 men (61%) reported sexual activity in the last 30 days. Level of HIV knowledge was not associated in either direction with condom use or risky sexual partnering, as measured by sex with multiple partners or female sex workers (FSW). Lower self-perceived HIV risk was associated with a greater likelihood of sex with multiple partners (aPR: 1.79, 95% CI: 1.34, 2.40) and FSW (aPR: 1.28, 95% CI: 1.04, 1.59), but was not associated with condom use. Police-enacted stigma was associated with sex with multiple partners (aPR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.49) and FSW (aPR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.13, 1.54). While depression and lower levels of loneliness were associated with condomless sex (aPR: 1.14, 95% CI: 1.05, 1.24; aPR: 0.79, 95% CI: 0.68, 0.92, respectively), only depression was associated with condomless sex with FSW (aPR: 1.26, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.54). Conclusions HIV prevention programing for male Tajik MWID must go beyond solely educating about factors associated with HIV transmission to include increased awareness of personal risk based on engaging in these behaviors. Additionally, psychological services to counter depression and police-enacted stigma are needed.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow

Luc,

Levy,

Bahromov

et al. 2024

BMC Public Health

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“…Each of these areas embody a somewhat different economic, cultural, and geographical environment that, in turn, may contribute to the differences found in HIV/HCV risk and prevention behavior among migrants who originate from them. Unlike the urbanized and comparatively wellresourced city of Dushanbe, Gorno-Badakshan (GBAO) is the poorest and most remote area of the country (30). With no major industries its unemployment rates are exceedingly high, and its small population differs ethnically and linguistically from the rest of Tajikistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and hepatitis C risk among Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow

Mackesy‐Amiti

Levy

Bahromov

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Background. The HIV epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to grow with most infections occurring in high-risk groups including people who inject drugs and their sexual partners. Labor migrants from this region who inject drugs while in Russia are at especially high HIV risk. Methods. We recruited 420 male Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow for a peer-education HIV prevention intervention trial. Participants were interviewed about their sex and drug use behavior and tested for HIV and hepatitis C prior to the intervention. Results. Over half of the men reported injecting with a previously used syringe in the past month. Many men reported condomless sex (42%), multiple sex partners (30%), and sex with sex workers (42%). Only 17% had ever been tested for HIV. Despite substantial risk behavior, prevalence rates of HIV (6.8%) and HCV (2.9%) although elevated were lower than expected when compared to estimates of prevalence among PWID at the national level in Tajikistan. Risk behavior in diaspora varied across the men’s regional area of origin in Tajikistan and occupation in Moscow with HIV prevalence rates highest among those working at the bazaars. Conclusion. Tajik male migrants who inject drugs in Moscow are at heightened risk for HIV and hepatitis C. Evidence-based prevention approaches and messaging that specifically address the drug- and sex-related risk behavior of migrants from different parts of Tajikistan, employment sectors within the destination city, and socio-demographic background are needed.

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“…Each of these areas embody a somewhat different economic, cultural, and geographical environment that, in turn, may contribute to the differences found in the HIV/HCV risk and prevention behavior among the migrants who originate from them. Unlike the urbanized and comparatively well-resourced city of Dushanbe, GBAO is the poorest and most remote area of the country [37]. With no major industry, its unemployment rates are exceedingly high, and its small population differs ethnically and linguistically from the rest of Tajikistan.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

HIV and Hepatitis C Risk among Tajik Migrant Workers Who Inject Drugs in Moscow

Mackesy‐Amiti

Levy

Bahromov

et al. 2023

IJERPH

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The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic in Eastern Europe and Central Asia continues to grow with most infections occurring in high-risk groups including people who inject drugs and their sexual partners. Labor migrants from this region who inject drugs while in Russia are at especially high HIV risk. Male Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow (N = 420) were interviewed prior to a randomized trial of the Migrants’ Approached Self-Learning Intervention in HIV/AIDS (MASLIHAT) peer-education HIV-prevention intervention. Participants were interviewed about their sex and drug use behavior and tested for HIV and hepatitis C (HCV) prior to the intervention. Only 17% had ever been tested for HIV. Over half of the men reported injecting with a previously used syringe in the past month, and substantial proportions reported risky sexual behavior. Prevalence rates of HIV (6.8%) and HCV (2.9%) were elevated, although lower than expected when compared to estimates of prevalence among people who inject drugs at the national level in Tajikistan. Risk behavior in diaspora varied across the men’s regional area of origin in Tajikistan and occupation in Moscow, with HIV prevalence rates highest among those working at the bazaars. Evidence-based prevention approaches and messaging that specifically address the drug- and sex-related risk behavior of migrants with varying backgrounds are needed.

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“Who are You and What are You Doing Here?”: Social Capital and Barriers to Movement along the HIV Care Cascade among Tajikistani Migrants with HIV to Russia

Cited by 6 publications

References 45 publications

HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow

HIV knowledge, self-perception of HIV risk, and sexual risk behaviors among male Tajik labor migrants who inject drugs in Moscow

HIV and hepatitis C risk among Tajik migrant workers who inject drugs in Moscow

HIV and Hepatitis C Risk among Tajik Migrant Workers Who Inject Drugs in Moscow

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