Key points Although 'peer review' has quasi-sacred status times are changing and peer review is not necessarily a single and uniformly reliable gold standard For publishers, peer review is a process not an outcome Academics understand peer review but are often ignorant about the quality checking mechanisms within wider publishing Self-publishing has led to the much wider availability of publishing servicesthese now being used by all stakeholders in publishing How should universities evaluate comment and ideas that were first disseminated within a non-academic market? Rather than an upper house, is peer review today more of a galley kitchen?In a world where ever-increasing amounts of content are made available, through a vastly expanded range of mechanisms, the concept of 'peer review' has quasi-sacred status. It's the stamp of quality control. Learned Publishing's imaginative decision to investigate how and why peer review is now being organised, and circulate a questionnaire on how the process works in practice, invites broader comment -on trends within both universities and the wider publishing industry.For publishers, peer review is a process not an outcome; the process whereby journal editors seek manuscript appraisal from experts, consider their feedback and then decide whether the information provided supports the wider dissemination of content or not. The process relies on those with relevant expertise, and a willingness to give their time (the role remains mostly unpaid), and make themselves available.Sanctified through long use, peer review serves as a filter, assisting the management of so much potential content, helping improve the quality of what is made available -and hence benefitting readers. Those offering peer review contribute to their discipline and build their academic community. Those receiving positive peer review have their research deemed worthy of publication and wider dissemination; they gain the seal of approval that distinguishes their contribution from more general content such as editorial matter or correspondence columns.Choosing who will peer review within the time period available is part of the management role of the publication's editorial team; the 'filtering and amplifying and framing' (Bhaskar, 2013) through which a publisher adds value to raw content. However, it's not uncommon for peer review opinions to be sharply different, thus requiring the commissioning of further review(s) -which further slow the process. In addition to their subject expertise, reviewers may be chosen because they respond well to a requested quick turnaround, or may be sufficiently generous to act as a development editor to a