Who Adopts Agroforestry in a Subsistence Economy?

Dhakal, Arun; Kumar, Rajesh

doi:10.20944/preprints202003.0146.v1

Cited by 6 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…This emphasizes primarily on the tree production as the first choice, and secondarily on the inter-crops or livestock production. Dhakal and Rai (2020) found minimum adoption rate in Nepal. There are many challenges for this, but broadly we explained the challenges for the development of agroforestry system in Nepal in the following sub-headings: (i) socio-economic constraints of the farmers, (ii) policy and institutional constraints, and (iii) management complexity of agroforestry system itself.…”

Section: Multipurpose High Value Trees Species For Timber Human Nutrmentioning

confidence: 93%

Agroforestry for mountain development: Prospects, challenges and ways forward in Nepal

Atreya

Subedi

Ghimire

et al. 2021

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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Most of the agroforestry systems (AFS) in Nepal are traditional, and deliberate management of trees, crops and livestock as an integrated and interactive agroecosystem, albeit its enormous socio-economic and ecological benefits, is limited. The objective of this review paper is to understand the prospects, analyze challenges and suggest practical solution for promoting agroforestry as a viable system balancing economic, social and environmental concerns. We develop this paper based on practical experience on the ground and an in-depth review of relevant literature and highlights the prospects, challenges and ways forward of AFS, both farm-based and forest-based, in Nepal. Nepal has enormous agroecological diversity, suitable land availability for agroforestry, traditional knowledge, skill and labor forces, and huge prospects of adapting new technologies and developing market systems, especially considering emerging markets for developing remunerative and environment friendly value chains. However, the prospective value chains of the mountain agroforestry products face many challenges, including i) socio-economic constraints of the farmers mainly because of high initial adoption costs, limited information on benefit-cost of agroforestry practices, limited knowledge on full benefits of agroforestry, and limited markets and marketing information; ii) institutional constraints because of unclear policy to support agroforestry, the lack of extension services and undefined administrative boundaries; and iii) inadequate scientific knowledge, expertise and technologies to address management complexity of agroforestry system. We therefore suggest having a scan of those challenges and find out solutions, especially for promoting growth and competitiveness of the sector with poverty reduction strategy ensuring availability of food, fuel, fodder and employment opportunity for local communities. The paper provides a few successful cases of AFS and finally suggests ways forward to promote AFS and a business model which could help achieve the untapped potentials for enhancing income and employment opportunity, achieving food and nutrition security, and building sustainable land use systems.

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Section: Multipurpose High Value Trees Species For Timber Human Nutrmentioning

confidence: 93%

Agroforestry for mountain development: Prospects, challenges and ways forward in Nepal

Atreya

Subedi

Ghimire

et al. 2021

Arch. Agric. Environ. Sci.

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“…In a recent study conducted by Dhakal and Rai (2020), the adoption of agroforestry practices showed a positive impact on the provision of extension services. Thus, extension workers provide information to the farmers and help to clarify their doubts (Dhakal and Rai, 2020). On the contrary, even though farmers had frequent contacts with extension workers they may not have received the necessary information and support for agroforestry as most government extension workers are not knowledgeable in agroforestry and hence not able to deliver the technology and practices suitable for farmers (Neupane et al, 2002).…”

Section: Agrobiodiversity Management Activities Donementioning

confidence: 98%

“…However, women dominant ethnic minorities had more constraints in adopting agroforestry compared to men due to the lack of land and labor, lack of knowledge, low educational level, and poor access to extension constrained adoption (Catacutan and Naz, 2015). In a recent study conducted by Dhakal and Rai (2020), the adoption of agroforestry practices showed a positive impact on the provision of extension services. Thus, extension workers provide information to the farmers and help to clarify their doubts (Dhakal and Rai, 2020).…”

Section: Agrobiodiversity Management Activities Donementioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobiodiversity Indicators and Measurement using R for Description, Monitoring, Comparison, Relatedness, Conservation and Utilization

Joshi

2021

A&A

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Agrobiodiversity is the most important part of biodiversity. It can be described, quantified, compared, and related by using different statistical tools called agrobiodiversity statistics (agro-statistics). Six components and 25 groups of agrobiodiversity should be used for agrobiodiversity analysis. Six types and levels of agrobiodiversity can be quantified. Both quantitative and qualitative data are used for estimating scores and indices. The measurement objects for describing agrobiodiversity are community, household, site, crop group, species, landrace, etc. These objects are called operational agricultural units (OAU). Agromorphological, molecular, and perception data are used in agrobiodiversity studies. Among the many software, RStudio is very good. It is an integrated part of R and includes a console, syntax-highlighting editor, tools for plotting, history, debugging, and workspace management. Vegan and BiodiversityR packages are commonly used for estimating diversity indices and multivariate analysis. Richness, Shannon index and Simpson index are very common means of quantifying agrobiodiversity. Spatial and temporal analysis of agrobiodiversity helps monitor the status and plan the programs and activities.

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Section: Agrobiodiversity Management Activities Donementioning

confidence: 99%

Agrobiodiversity and Natural Resource Management in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Northeast India

Mylliemngap

2021

A&A

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North-East India, which falls under the Indian Eastern Himalayan region and forms part of two global biodiversity hotspots, is well-known for its rich diversity of flora, fauna, cultures and traditional knowledge systems. Agriculture is the main occupation of the communities living in this region supplemented by utilization of wild useful species from the nearby forests. Traditional agriculture in North-East India follows mixed cropping pattern through multi-cropping, crop rotation, use of multipurpose nitrogen (N)-fixing trees, along with protection of semi-domesticated and wild biodiversity, including medicinal plants, wild edible fruits and vegetables, fodder plants and other useful species. Presently, there has been a gradual shifting from subsistence cultivation to commercial agriculture driven by market forces and modernization, leading to transition from traditional to intensive agriculture and monoculture of cash crops. This has resulted in reduced cultivation of local crop varieties and disappearance of the associated traditional ecological knowledge (TEK). Therefore, the present study attempts to review the contribution of traditional agricultural practices to agrobiodiversity conservation and sustainable natural resource management. Relevant traditional practices such as shifting (Jhum) cultivation systems, bamboo-drip irrigation, paddy-cum-fish cultivation, traditional agroforestry systems of different Indigenous communities residing in different states of North-East India were mentioned in this review. It is undeniable that TEK was developed by communities through many centuries by trial-and-error methods to conform to the local climate, topography, ecology and socio-cultural relevance to the concerned Indigenous communities. This knowledge, therefore, has a great scope for improvement by integration with scientific knowledge for transforming into sustainable agricultural systems in the face of climate change adaptation and mitigation of the vulnerable mountain communities of the Himalayan region.

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Who Adopts Agroforestry in a Subsistence Economy?

Cited by 6 publications

References 37 publications

Agroforestry for mountain development: Prospects, challenges and ways forward in Nepal

Agroforestry for mountain development: Prospects, challenges and ways forward in Nepal

Agrobiodiversity Indicators and Measurement using R for Description, Monitoring, Comparison, Relatedness, Conservation and Utilization

Agrobiodiversity and Natural Resource Management in Traditional Agricultural Systems of Northeast India

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