White Vesicles in the Skin of Aplysia californica Cooper: A Proposed Excretory Function

Prince, Jeffrey S.; Lynn, Matthew J.; Blackwelder, Patricia

doi:10.1093/mollus/eyl015

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The form of calcium in the calcium carbonate deposits in the digestive gland of D. dolabrifera was probably not vaterite as this generally appears as one to several spherules in a cell [18]. In addition, the electron-dense submatrix (of mucopolysaccharides and proteins) in vaterite is radially arranged and appears as thin rods [18].…”

Section: Calcium Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ultrastructure. Tissue isolation for electron microscopy was done according to Prince [17] and Prince et al [18]. In brief this involved fixing the tissue in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in half-strength Millonig's phosphate buffer, pH 7.3, for 2 h at room temperature, postfixed in 1% OsO 4 for 1.5 h, dehydrated in an ethanol series, and embedded in LR White resin.…”

Section: Animal Collection Individuals Of Aplysia Californica 100mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The submatrix in D. dolabrifera had a random organization and was composed of short globular units. The cells involved with calcium deposition in D. dolabrifera, furthermore, lacked sieve areas, a characteristic of calcium cells involved with active calcium accumulation [18]. 4.6.…”

Section: Calcium Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the Digestive Gland in Ink Production in Four Species of Sea Hares: An Ultrastructural Comparison

Prince

Johnson

2013

Journal of Marine Biology

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The ultrastructure of the digestive gland of several sea hare species that produce different colored ink (Aplysia californicaproduces purple ink,A. julianawhite ink,A. parvulaboth white and purple ink, whileDolabrifera dolabriferaproduces no ink at all) was compared to determine the digestive gland’s role in the diet-derived ink production process. Rhodoplast digestive cells and their digestive vacuoles, the site of digestion of red algal chloroplast (i.e., rhodoplast) inA. californica, were present and had a similar ultrastructure in all four species. Rhodoplast digestive cell vacuoles either contained a whole rhodoplast or fragments of one or were empty. These results suggest that the inability to produce colored ink in some sea hare species is not due to either an absence of appropriate digestive machinery, that is, rhodoplast digestive cells, or an apparent failure of rhodoplast digestive cells to function. These results also propose that the digestive gland structure described herein occurred early in sea hare evolution, at least in the common ancestor to the generaAplysiaandDolabrifera. Our data, however, do not support the hypothesis that the loss of purple inking is a synapomorphy of the white-ink-producing subgenusAplysia.

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Section: Calcium Depositsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Animal Collection Individuals Of Aplysia Californica 100mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Role of the Digestive Gland in Ink Production in Four Species of Sea Hares: An Ultrastructural Comparison

Prince

Johnson

2013

Journal of Marine Biology

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“…SEM procedures to prepare zebrafish samples were modified from Prince et al 44 Control and 2% alcohol-treated zebrafish at 72 hpf were overanesthetized with 0.1% MS-222 and subsequently fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde in Millonig's phosphate buffer (pH = 7.3, Electron Microscopy Sciences, Hatfield, PA) for 2 h at 4°C. After three 5-min rinses in Millonig's buffer, the fish were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide in Millonig's for 1.5 h. They were then rinsed three times for 5 min each and dehydrated gradually in an alcohol series (50%, 70%, and 95%) twice for 5 min each, and then in 100% four times for 10 min each.…”

Section: Scanning Electron Microscopy (Sem)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol-Induced Morphological Deficits in the Development of Octavolateral Organs of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Zamora

Lu²

2013

Zebrafish

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Prenatal alcohol exposure is known to have many profound detrimental effects on human fetal development (fetal alcohol spectrum disorders), which may manifest as lifelong disabilities. However, how alcohol affects the auditory/vestibular system is still largely unknown. This is the first study to investigate morphological effects of alcohol on the developing octavolateral system (the inner ear and lateral line) using the zebrafish, Danio rerio. Zebrafish embryos of 2 hours post fertilization (hpf) were treated in 2% alcohol for 48 hours and screened at 72 hpf for morphological defects of the inner ear and lateral line. Octavolateral organs from both alcohol-treated and control zebrafish were examined using light, confocal, and scanning electron microscopy. We observed several otolith phenotypes for alcohol-treated zebrafish including zero, one, two abnormal, two normal, and multiple otoliths. Results of this study show that alcohol treatment during early development impairs the inner ear (smaller ear, abnormal otoliths, and fewer sensory hair cells) and the lateral line (smaller neuromasts, fewer neuromasts and hair cells per neuromast, and shorter kinocilia of hair cells). Early embryonic alcohol exposure may also result in defects in hearing, balance, and hydrodynamic function of zebrafish.

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“…Watabe et al 29 reported that amorphous calcium carbonates, ACC, are the most common types of carbonate spherules in skin vesicles of sea gastropod Pomacea paludosa, and that spherules serve as source of calcium in the egg-capsule formed from vaterite. Meenakshi and Watabe 30 described formation of aragonite in embryos and adult shells from these spherules, and Prince et al 9 confirmed that the spherules of Aplysia californica consist of a mixture of ACC and vaterite.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite

et al. 2014

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Abstract. X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area electron diffraction (SAED), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDS) were used in study of starting biomineralization processes in embryos of the sea hare species Aplysia punctata. 10 days old embryos appeared amorphous according to XRD patterns. TEM of the same sample showed that first grains of nanocrystalline dolomite began to form in the amorphous area. The identification of dolomite was confirmed according to TEM dark field images and SAED, as well as by HRTEM. In further development stages of the embryos very faint aragonite rings became visible by SAED. It was shown that the biomineralization process in A. punctata started by formation of the dolomite nanograins which served as centres of crystallization for further aragonite deposition in the larval shell. The creation of unusual intermediate crystalline phase of nano-dolomite in A. punctata embryos is of equal interest for biologist and ecologist as an evolutionary ancestral trait of molluskan biomineralization, as well as for materials scientists, as a promising template in potential bioengineering application and design of appropriate biomimetic routes that could lead to the development of new implantable biomaterials. The discussion of the present results is based on recent knowledge on general biomineralization in mollusks.

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White Vesicles in the Skin of Aplysia californica Cooper: A Proposed Excretory Function

Cited by 11 publications

References 18 publications

Role of the Digestive Gland in Ink Production in Four Species of Sea Hares: An Ultrastructural Comparison

Role of the Digestive Gland in Ink Production in Four Species of Sea Hares: An Ultrastructural Comparison

Alcohol-Induced Morphological Deficits in the Development of Octavolateral Organs of the Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

Biomineralization in the Sea Hare Aplysia punctata Initiated by Nano-Dolomite

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