White or red clover-grass silage in organic dairy milk production: Grassland productivity and milk production responses with different levels of concentrate

Steinshamn, Håvard; Thuen, E.

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2008.04.004

Cited by 38 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(66 reference statements)

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“…In contrast to the present study, however, silage containing red clover has, in most studies, increased milk fat proportions of C18:3n-3 compared with silages containing white clover or grass (Steinshamn and Thuen, 2008;Moorby et al, 2009). A possible explanation may be that the differences in clover species proportions were too small in the present study.…”

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

“…Small differences in milk FA composition between ORG-SG and ORG-LG and between CON-SG and CON-LG are in accordance with Dewhurst et al (2003b) and Steinshamn and Thuen (2008), who compared red and white clover grass silages. In contrast to the present study, however, silage containing red clover has, in most studies, increased milk fat proportions of C18:3n-3 compared with silages containing white clover or grass (Steinshamn and Thuen, 2008;Moorby et al, 2009).…”

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…A lower proportion of C18:2n-6 is in accordance with Jahreis et al (1996). Higher milk fat proportions of C18:3n-3 and total n-3 FA for ORG than CON are in accordance with Ellis et al (2006) and Collomb et al (2008a), and may be explained by higher concentrate concentrations of C18:3n-3, higher dietary forage proportion (Dewhurst et al 2003b;Steinshamn and Thuen 2008), or higher herbage proportions of red and white clover, which can reduce rumen biohydrogenation of C18:3n-3 as reported by Dewhurst et al (2003a). Higher milk fat proportions of C22:5n-3 and C22:6n-3 may be explained by inclusion of fishmeal in concentrates used on ORG farms, in accordance with Donovan et al (2000).…”

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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Bulk tank milk from 28 dairy farms was sampled every second month for 2 yr to assess the effects of grassland management, production system and season on milk fatty acid (FA) composition, concentrations of fat-soluble vitamins, Se, and milk sensory quality. Grassland management varied in terms of time since establishment. Short-term grassland management (SG) was defined as establishment or reseeding every fourth year or more often, and long-term grassland management (LG) was defined as less frequent establishment or reseeding. Fourteen organic (ORG) dairy farms with either short-term or long-term grassland management were paired with 14 conventional (CON) farms with respect to grassland management. Within ORG farms, SG farms differed from LG farms in herbage botanical composition, but not in concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, or milk yield. Within CON farms, herbage composition, concentrate FA concentrations, dry matter intake, and milk yield showed no or insignificant variations. The ORG farms differed from CON farms in herbage botanical composition, concentrate FA concentrations, concentrate intake, and milk yield. Compared with ORG-LG farms, ORG-SG farms produced milk fat with higher proportions of C10:0 and C12:0 associated with higher herbage proportions of legumes (Fabaceae) and lower proportions of other dicotyledon families. Compared with milk from CON farms, milk fat from ORG farms had higher proportions of most saturated FA and all n-3 FA, but lower proportions of C18:0 and C18:1 cis-9 associated with higher forage proportion and differences in concentrations of FA in concentrates. Compared with the outdoor-feeding periods, the indoor feeding periods yielded milk fat with higher proportions of most shortchain and medium-chain FA and lower proportions of most C18-FA associated with grazing and higher forage proportions. Milk concentrations of α-tocopherol and β-carotene were lower during the grazing periods. Inclusion of fishmeal in organic concentrates may explain higher Se concentrations in organically produced milk. Milk sensory quality was not affected in this study. In conclusion, grassland management had minor effects on milk composition, and differences between ORG farms and CON farms may be explained by differences in concentrate intake and concentrate FA concentrations. Milk produced on ORG farms versus CON farms and milk produced during the outdoor versus indoor feeding periods had potential health benefits due to FA composition. In contrast, the higher milk-fat proportions of saturated FA in milk from ORG farms may be perceived as negative for human health.

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Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositioncontrasting

confidence: 99%

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Effects On Milk Fa Compositionmentioning

confidence: 83%

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Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Adler

Jensen

Govasmark

et al. 2013

Journal of Dairy Science

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“…In comparison to grass forages, red clover forages result in higher nutritive values and greater intake by ruminants, leading to higher milk production (Heikkilä et al 1992) with higher polyunsaturated fatty acid concentration (Steinshamn et al 2007, Vanhatalo et al 2007, Steinshamn and Thuen 2008 and better animal performance in beef production (Lee et al 2006). Red clover also has high yields of digestible organic matter, metabolizable energy and N , Halling et al 2002, Abberton and Marshall 2005.…”

Section: Current Statusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Legumes in Finnish agriculture: history, present status and future prospects

Stoddard¹,

Hovinen²,

Kontturi³

et al. 2008

AFSci

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Legumes are important in world agriculture, providing biologically fixed nitrogen, breaking cereal disease cycles and contributing locally grown food and feed, including forage. Pea and faba bean were grown by early farmers in Finland, with remains dated to 500 BC. Landraces of pea and faba bean were gradually replaced by better adapted, higher quality materials for food use. While grain legumes have been restricted by their long growing seasons to the south of the country, red, white and alsike clovers are native throughout and have long been used in leys for grazing, hay and silage. Breeding programmes released many cultivars of these crops during the 1900s, particularly pea and red clover. A.I. Virtanen earned the 1945 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work on both nitrogen fixation and silage preservation. Use of crop mixtures may appear modern, but farmers used them already in the early 1800s, when oat was used to support pea, and much effort has been devoted to improving the system and establishing its other benefits. Although international cultivars have been easily accessible since Finland's 1995 entry into the European Union, the combination of feed quality and appropriate earliness is still needed, as < 1% of arable land is sown to grain legumes and an increase to 9-10% would allow replacement of imported protein feeds. Climate change will alter the stresses on legume crops, and investment in agronomy, physiology and breeding is needed so that farmers can gain from the many advantages of a legume-supported rotation.

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“…Clover silage studies and studies with organically managed cows have shown that grain based supplementation increase milk protein content (Sehested et al, 2003;Cohen et al, 2006;Steinshamn, 2008).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows' milk

Šípalová¹,

Hanuš²,

Buňka³

et al. 2014

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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AbstractŠÍPALOVÁ, M., HANUŠ, O., BUŇKA, F., POZDÍŠEK, J., MRKVIČKA, V., KRÁČMAR, S.: The eff ect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows' milk. Acta univ. agric. et silvic. Mendel. Brun., 2010, LVIII, No. 5, pp. 369-376 The aim of this study was to evaluate the possible eff ects of maize replacement in feeding rations on the amino acid content in cows´ milk. Cows were fed total mix ration based on the maize, clover silage and hay. There was a diff erence in the concentrate of the feeding ration. The fi rst group (fed maize) was the control group, another two groups were experimental, one fed wheat and second fed triticale. During six weeks, totally 26 milk samples were taken from dairy cows of Czech Pied breed. Feed groups were preferably balanced in terms of milk yield, stage and number of lactations. The samples of feedstuff s as well as milk were modifi ed for the analysis using acidic and oxidative hydrolyses. The analysis of amino acids content and composition of the sample hydrolysates was performed chromatographically by an AAA 400 analyzer, using Na-citrate buff ers and ninhydrin detection. Total nitrogen content was determined according to Kjehldahl and the crude protein of the samples was determined by conversion from the nitrogen content multiplied by appropriate factor. The high content of crude protein in wheat did not infl uenced composition of milk from dairy cows fed this type of feedstuff . With respect to resulting amino acid content and composition of milk samples, none of the tested grains can be re com men ded as a full-value maize replacement. Each feedstuff is an abundant source of several and ty pi cal amino acids in milk. However, triticale (cultivar Kitaro) seems to be acceptable replacement of maize owing to better crude protein effi ciency, composition and health indicators of milk quality. dairy cow, maize, wheat, triticale, amino acids

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White or red clover-grass silage in organic dairy milk production: Grassland productivity and milk production responses with different levels of concentrate

Cited by 38 publications

References 44 publications

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Effect of short-term versus long-term grassland management and seasonal variation in organic and conventional dairy farming on the composition of bulk tank milk

Legumes in Finnish agriculture: history, present status and future prospects

The effect of selected cereals contained in feed ration on the amino acid composition of cows' milk

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