White-opaque Switching in Different Mating Type-like Locus Gene Types of Clinical Candida albicans Isolates

Li, Houmin; Shimizu-Imanishi, Yumi; Tanaka, Reiko; Li, Ruoyu; Yaguchi, Takashi

doi:10.4103/0366-6999.193442

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Understanding the role of opaque cells is increasingly important in light of recent studies showing that, contrary to previous expectation, between 35% and 69% of MTL heterozygous (a/α) strains (which compose more than 90% of C. albicans clinical isolates) are capable of forming opaque cells (29)(30)(31)(32). Unfortunately, the role of opaque cells in C. albicans biology has been difficult to understand because opaque cells do not proliferate well under 1) conditions used to isolate C. albicans samples from patients, 2) many common laboratory conditions in vitro, or 3) standardized animal model protocols in vivo (8,17,33).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A population shift between two heritable cell types of the pathogen Candida albicans is based both on switching and selective proliferation

Dalal

Zuleta

Lohse

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Differentiated cell types often retain their characteristics through many rounds of cell division. A simple example is found inCandida albicans, a member of the human microbiota and also the most prevalent fungal pathogen of humans; here, two distinct cell types (white and opaque) exist, and each one retains its specialized properties across many cell divisions. Switching between the two cell types is rare in standard laboratory medium (2% glucose) but can be increased by signals in the environment, for example, certain sugars. When these signals are removed, switching ceases and cells remain in their present state, which is faithfully passed on through many generations of daughter cells. Here, using an automated flow cytometry assay to monitor white–opaque switching over 96 different sugar concentrations, we observed a wide range of opaque-to-white switching that varied continuously across different sugar compositions of the medium. By also measuring white cell proliferation rates under each condition, we found that both opaque-to-white switching and selective white cell proliferation are required for entire populations to shift from opaque to white. Moreover, the switching frequency correlates with the preference of the resulting cell type for the growth medium; that is, the switching is adjusted to increase in environments that favor white cell proliferation. The widely adjustable, all-or-none nature of the switch, combined with the long-term heritability of each state, is distinct from conventional forms of gene regulation, and we propose that it represents a strategy used byC. albicansto efficiently colonize different niches of its human host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

A population shift between two heritable cell types of the pathogen Candida albicans is based both on switching and selective proliferation

Dalal

Zuleta

Lohse

et al. 2019

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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show abstract

“…Based on this, the health official eradicates the pathogens from their origins and inhibits their emergence and transmissions. Moreover, the molecular AFR study is essential to understand the intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanism, which may help to prevent the resistance and to design alternative and novel therapeutic agents [ 63 , 123 ]. To provide new insights, further molecular studies with a precise mode of action through genotyping and resistant mechanisms are required to understand pathogenicity and resistant magnitude.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern ofCandidaspecies from mainland China: A systematic analysis

et al. 2022

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Antifungal resistance to Candida pathogens increases morbidity and mortality of immunosuppressive patients, an emerging crisis worldwide. Understanding the Candida prevalence and antifungal susceptibility pattern is necessary to control and treat candidiasis. We aimed to systematically analyse the susceptibility profiles of Candida species published in the last ten years (December 2011 to December 2021) from mainland China. The studies were collected from PubMed, Google Scholar, and Science Direct search engines. Out of 89 included studies, a total of 44,716 Candida isolates were collected, mainly comprising C. albicans (49.36%), C. tropicalis (21.89%), C. parapsilosis (13.92%), and C. glabrata (11.37%). The lowest susceptibility was detected for azole group; fluconazole susceptibilities against C. parapsilosis, C. albicans, C. glabrata, C. tropicalis, C. guilliermondii, C. pelliculosa , and C. auris were 93.25%, 91.6%, 79.4%, 77.95%, 76%, 50%, and 0% respectively. Amphotericin B and anidulafungin were the most susceptible drugs for all Candida species. Resistance to azole was mainly linked with mutations in ERG11, ERG3, ERG4, MRR1–2, MSH-2 , and PDR-1 genes. Mutation in FKS-1 and FKS-2 in C. auris and C. glabrata causing resistance to echinocandins was stated in two studies. Gaps in the studies’ characteristics were detected, such as 79.77%, 47.19 %, 26.97%, 7.86%, and 4.49% studies did not mention the mortality rates, age, gender, breakpoint reference guidelines, and fungal identification method, respectively. The current study demonstrates the overall antifungal susceptibility pattern of Candida species, gaps in surveillance studies and risk-reduction strategies that could be supportive in candidiasis therapy and for the researchers in their future studies.

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“…Çin'de yapılan çalışmada, çeşitli kliniklerden izole edilen 93 C. albicans kökeninin 86 (%92.5) MTLa/α eşey tipi olduğunu, yalnızca yedi kökenin ise (%6.5) MTLa/a veya α/α eşey tipi olduğu rapor edilmiştir. Aynı çalışmada, 27 kökenin beyaz koloni, 66 kökenin opak koloni oluşturduğu ve eşey tipinin ise heterozigot olduğu bildirilmiştir (16) .…”

Section: Gereç Ve Yöntemunclassified

Candida albicans’ın Eşey Tipi Gen Bölgesinin Belirlenmesi

Çelik¹,

Döğen²,

Aktas³

et al. 2020

TMCD

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Askomiset mantarlarda çiftleşme, MAT lokus adı verilen bir eşey tipi gen bölgesi ile yönetilir. MAT lokus, zıt iki eşey tipinde birbirine benzemeyen hatta tamamen farklı idiomorf dizilimler içerir. Pezizomycotina alt şubesine dâhil olan mantarlarda her bir MAT idiomorfu, bir alfa domain, bir de HMG (High Mobility Group) domain transkripsiyon faktörünü kodlar. Alfa domain ve HMG domain transkripsiyon faktör genleri MAT lokusun olmazsa olmaz parçaları olsa da her bir mantarın MAT lokus yapısı, yani uzunluğu, gen içeriği ve genlerin transkripsiyon yönleri kendilerine özgüdür. Bu çalışmada, laboratuvarlarımızın kültür koleksiyonunda bulunan ve kan kültürlerinden izole edilen Candida albicans'ın eşey tipi gen bölgesinin karakterizasyonunun belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntem: Candida albicans genomunda yer alan MTLa (Mating Type Locus)ve MTLα primerlerinin 485 bp ve 515 bp'lik DNA bölgesi multiplex PCR tekniği ile belirlendi. Bulgular: Toplam, 156 C. albicans kökeninin 155 (%99.4)'i MTLa/α, 1 (%0.6) köken ise MTLα/α olarak bulundu. Sonuç: MTL karakterizasyonun belirlenmesi çalışmaları hem moleküler genetik çalışmalarının daha kolay ve çabuk yapılabilmesi hem de bu patojen mantarın doğasının anlaşılması yönünden önemlidir.

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White-opaque Switching in Different Mating Type-like Locus Gene Types of Clinical Candida albicans Isolates

Cited by 4 publications

References 16 publications

A population shift between two heritable cell types of the pathogen Candida albicans is based both on switching and selective proliferation

A population shift between two heritable cell types of the pathogen Candida albicans is based both on switching and selective proliferation

Distribution and antifungal susceptibility pattern ofCandidaspecies from mainland China: A systematic analysis

Candida albicans’ın Eşey Tipi Gen Bölgesinin Belirlenmesi

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