“…Such is the case of ICAM-1, VCAM, P-selectin, and osteopontin, which have also been shown to be upregulated in spinal-cord-injured mice and/or human patients (Bao et al, 2004;Esposito et al, 2010;Hashimoto et al, 2003;Hu et al, 2015;Jing et al, 2014;Segal et al, 1997). In fact, ICAM-1/P-selectin-deficient mice Cell Reports 36, 109334, July 6, 2021 11 Article ll OPEN ACCESS display improved functional recovery after injury (Farooque et al, 1999(Farooque et al, , 2001, while osteopontin-deficient mice exhibit less inflammation and significantly reduced area of spared white matter (Hashimoto et al, 2007).…”