White matter hyperintensities in the forties: Their prevalence and topography in an epidemiological sample aged 44–48

Wang, Wen; Sachdev, Perminder S.; Li, J; Xiao-hua, Chen; Anstey, Kaarin J.

doi:10.1002/hbm.20586

Cited by 173 publications

(149 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Also MR units were mostly unavailable at the time of baseline examinations and because of this prevalence of possible midlife WML could not be determined. However, asymptomatic middle-aged individuals are unlikely to have heavy cerebral WML load [49]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vascular Risk Factors from Midlife to Late Life and White Matter Lesions: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study

Vuorinen

Solomon

Rovio

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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Background/Aims: This study investigated the relation of midlife blood pressure, total cholesterol, body mass index (BMI), their changes over time, apolipoprotein E, and white matter lesions (WML). Methods: Participants of the Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Aging and Incidence of Dementia study were derived from random, population-based samples previously surveyed in 1972, 1977, 1982 or 1987. In 1998, 1,449 (73%) individuals aged 65–79 years were re-examined (average follow-up 21 years). A subpopulation (n = 112) was scanned with a 1.5-tesla MRI scanner in 1998, and WML were assessed from fluid-attenuated inversion recovery images using a semi-quantitative visual rating scale. Results: Risk of late-life WML was related to midlife overweight (relative risk = 2.53; 95% CI = 1.70–2.89), obesity (2.94; 2.44–3.03), and hypertension (2.73; 1.81–3.08), even after adjustments for several confounding factors. Elevated BMI (>25) (2.26; 1.42–2.62) and hypertension (3.14; 1.83–3.40) from midlife to late life also increased the risk of WML. In addition, an association with WML was seen for decreasing blood pressure (hypertension at midlife but not at late life) (3.25; 2.46–3.41), even after controlling for antihypertensive treatment. Lipid-lowering drugs had a protective effect against WML (0.13; 0.02–0.59). Conclusions: These results indicate that early and sustained vascular risk factor control is associated with a lower likelihood of having more severe WML in late life.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Vascular Risk Factors from Midlife to Late Life and White Matter Lesions: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study

Vuorinen

Solomon

Rovio

et al. 2011

Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord

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“…A validated automatic procedure was carried out to calculate WMH volume. The detailed methodology has been previously published [25]. For each WMH cluster identified, the distance from the center of mass to the nearest edge of the lateral ventricle was also calculated.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For each WMH cluster identified, the distance from the center of mass to the nearest edge of the lateral ventricle was also calculated. When the distance to the ventricle was less than 6 mm, WMHs were defined as periventricular, and the remainder was classified as deep [25]. Regional WMHs (deep white matter regions: frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital; periventricular regions: anterior cap, posterior cap and periventricular body) were defined using a standard atlas developed by Duvernoy [26] and traced on the standard single brain image included in the SPM99 software (fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Matter Hyperintensities Are an Independent Predictor of Physical Decline in Community-Dwelling Older People

Zheng

Delbaere²,

Close³

et al. 2012

Gerontology

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Background: Ageing is associated with physical disability, but little is known about the influence of white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) on physical function decline in older people. Objective: To investigate the role of WMHs as a predictor of decline in physical function in cognitively intact older people. Methods: 287 community-dwelling people aged 70–90 years underwent the Physiological Profile Assessment (PPA) and assessments of total and regional WMH volumes, cognitive function and comorbidities. Participants underwent reassessment of the PPA 12 months later, and those in the top quartile for increases in PPA scores over the year were regarded as having declined physically. Results: Multivariate logistic regression analyses revealed that people with WMH volumes in the 4th quartile showed greater physical decline (odds ratio 3.02, 95% confidence interval 1.02–8.95) while controlling for age, baseline physical function, general health, physical activity and cognitive function. Subsequent univariate analyses indicated that WMHs in the deep fronto-parietal and periventricular parieto-occipital regions had the strongest associations with physical decline. Conclusions: These findings indicate that WMHs are an independent predictor of decline in physical function and suggest that interventions that focus on preventing the development or progression of white matter lesions may help preserve physical function in older people.

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“…WMHs were delineated from coronal plane 3D T1-weighted and FLAIR structural image scans using the methods described in detail previously (Wen & Sachdev, 2004;Wen, Sachdev, Li, Chen, & Anstey, 2009). …”

Section: Quantification Of White Matter Hyperintensitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations between reaction time measures and white matter hyperintensities in very old age

et al. 2017

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In old age, a relationship has been reported between intraindividual variability (IIV) in reaction time and white matter integrity as evidenced by white matter hyperintensities (WMH). However, it is unclear how far such associations are due to incipient neurodegenerative pathology in the samples investigated. The present study examined the relationship between IIV and WMH in older individuals (N=526) drawn from the Sydney Memory and Ageing Study. Using a complex reaction time (RT) task, greater IIV and mean-RT were related to a higher WMH burden in the frontal lobe. Critically, significant associations remained having taken future dementia into account suggesting that they were not explained by incipient dementia. Additionally, independent measures of executive function accounted for the association between RT metrics and WHM. The results are consistent with the view that frontally-supported cognitive processes are involved in IIV-WMH relations, and that RT measures are sensitive to compromise in white matter structures in non-demented older individuals.Key words, white matter hyperintensities, reaction time, intraindividual variability, executive function, cognition.RT variability and WMH in old age 3 IntroductionIntraindividual variability (IIV), or inconsistency (e.g., Hultsch, MacDonald, & Dixon, 2002), refers to within-person variation in cognitive performance over time, and is often measured by the trial-by-trial variation in reaction times (RT) for a given cognitive task. It is well established that ageing is accompanied by cognitive decline and slowing of processing speed (e.g., Salthouse, 2010). However, an accumulating body of research suggests older adults are also more variable than younger adults (e.g., Bielak, Cherbuin, Bunce, & Anstey, 2014), even when response speed is taken into account (Dykiert, Der, Starr, & Deary, 2012). One proposal holds that IIV is an early indicator of neurobiological disturbance (Hultsch, MacDonald, Hunter, Levy-Bencheton, & Strauss, 2000;Hultsch, Strauss, Hunter, & MacDonald, 2008). In support of this, greater variability is evident in individuals with agerelated disorders such as mild cognitive impairment and dementia (Christensen et al., 2005;Duchek et al., 2009;Gorus, De Raedt, Lambert, Lemper, & Mets, 2008;Hultsch et al., 2000;Strauss, Bielak, Bunce, Hunter, & Hultsch, 2007), Parkinson's disease (de Frias, Dixon, Fisher, & Camicioli, 2007) and also frontal lobe lesions (Stuss, Murphy, Binns, & Alexander, 2003).Given the suggestion that IIV is an indicator of neurobiological disturbance, a number of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have investigated the link between variability and structural brain measures. In healthy ageing, associations have been shown between IIV and white matter hyperintensities (WMH: Bunce et al., 2010;Bunce et al., 2007), white matter volume (Jackson, Balota, Duchek, & Head, 2012;Lovden et al., 2013;Ullen, Forsman, Blom, Karabanov, & Madison, 2008;Walhovd & Fjell, 2007) and diffusion tensor imaging metrics (e.g., FA -fractional...

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White matter hyperintensities in the forties: Their prevalence and topography in an epidemiological sample aged 44–48

Cited by 173 publications

References 59 publications

Changes in Vascular Risk Factors from Midlife to Late Life and White Matter Lesions: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study

Changes in Vascular Risk Factors from Midlife to Late Life and White Matter Lesions: A 20-Year Follow-Up Study

White Matter Hyperintensities Are an Independent Predictor of Physical Decline in Community-Dwelling Older People

Associations between reaction time measures and white matter hyperintensities in very old age

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