White matter connectivity of human hypothalamus

Lemaire, Jean‐Jacques; Frew, Andrew J.; McArthur, David L.; Gorgulho, Alessandra; Alger, Jeffry R.; Salomon, Noriko; Chen, Clive; Behnke, Eric; Salles, Antonio A. F. De

doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2010.11.072

Cited by 78 publications

(63 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The hypothalamus and the amygdala are strongly interconnected, and these connections are important for their functions [Greenstein and Greenstein, 2000]. Direct white matter pathways from the amygdala to the hypothalamus exist [Lemaire et al, 2011], and the present findings of rWMD appear to correspond to this pathway. Increased development of the brain structures that connect the areas involved in sexuality may lead to their improved functioning regarding their own roles, and may be a driving force behind sexual behaviors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

The structure of the amygdala associates with human sexual permissiveness: Evidence from voxel‐based morphometry

Takeuchi

Taki

Nouchi

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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Sexual behavior is a critical function of human procreation. Despite previous studies that investigated the neural mechanisms of basic human physiological sexual functions, the neural mechanisms that underlie individual differences in human sexual permissiveness remain unknown. We used voxelbased morphometry and a questionnaire (scale for sexual attitudes) to measure sexual permissiveness to investigate the gray matter and white matter structural correlates of sexual permissiveness. Sexual permissiveness was negatively correlated with regional gray matter density of the structures involving the right amygdala and surrounding areas, and positively correlated with regional white matter density of the white matter area that spread around the left amygdala to the hypothalamus area. There were no gender-specific relationships in the neural correlates of our findings. These findings suggest that structural variations in

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 49%

The structure of the amygdala associates with human sexual permissiveness: Evidence from voxel‐based morphometry

Takeuchi

Taki

Nouchi

et al. 2014

Human Brain Mapping

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“…Indeed, the hypothalamus serves as a crucial centre for the integration and coordination of various brain functions, and as such, it is prone to involvement in several major brain disorders (Saper, 1990;Overeem et al, 2002;Sisk and Foster, 2004;Swaab, 2006;Aziz et al, 2007;Bao et al, 2008;Willis, 2008;Gordon, 2010;Kalsbeek et al, 2010). Precise MRI identification of the gray and white structures of the hypothalamus would also be of great help in developing new research approaches aimed at investigating hypothalamic connectivity (Lemaire et al, 2011) and the functional and/or metabolic changes that occur naturally within the hypothalamus with fluctuating physiological conditions (Baroncini et al, 2010) and/or upon changes to the external environment (Goldstein et al, 2010), as well as in routine clinical examination using 1.5T MRI. Besides, detailed knowledge of hypothalamic topography in vivo is a prerequisite for the future development of automatic algorithms (Wang et al, 2011) that enable the accurate segmentation of the hypothalamus and its subregions (Goldstein et al, 2007), and thus the performance of morphometric MRI studies on an automated scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

et al. 2012

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Gaining new insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus is crucial for the development of new treatment strategies involving functional stereotactic neurosurgery. Here, using anatomical comparisons between histology and magnetic resonance images of the human hypothalamus in the coronal plane, we show that discrete gray and white hypothalamic structures are consistently identifiable by MRI. Macroscopic and microscopic images were used to precisely annotate the MRI sequences realized in the coronal plane in twenty healthy volunteers. MRI was performed on a 1.5T scanner, using a protocol including T1-weighted 3D fast field echo, T1-weighted inversionrecovery, turbo spin echo and T2-weighted 2D fast field echo imaging. For each gray matter structure as well as for white matter bundles, the different MRI sequences were analyzed in comparison to each other. The anterior commissure and the fornix were often identifiable, while the mammillothalamic tract was more difficult to spot. Qualitative analyses showed that MRI could also highlight finer structures such as the paraventricular nucleus, the ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus and the infundibular (arcuate) nucleus, brain nuclei that play key roles in the regulation of food intake and energy homeostasis. The posterior hypothalamic area, a target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of cluster headaches, was readily identified, as was the lateral hypothalamic area, which similar to the aforementioned hypothalamic nuclei, could be a putative target for deep brain stimulation in the treatment of obesity. Finally, each of the identified structures was mapped to Montreal Neurological Institute (MNI) space. Please find enclosed the revised version of our manuscript "MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus" which we have modified according to the minor comment made by the reviewer#3.We appreciated the careful and incisive evaluation of our data made by the reviewers throughout the reviewing process. We hope that the manuscript is now in suitable form for publication in Neuroimage.  New insights into the anatomy of the human hypothalamus  Specific 1.5T MRI sequences approach histological resolution within the hypothalamus  White matter bundles within the hypothalamus can be identified using 1.5T MRI  Hypothalamic gray structures can be identified using 1.5T MRI *4. HighlightsWe have revised our manuscript to address the minor point raised by reviewer 3.In the "Data analysis" paragraph of the materials and methods section it now reads: "Structures were identified visually based on our knowledge of specific landmarks obtained from anatomical-histological cross sections and with reference to previously published atlases (Swaab et al., 1993;Koutcherov et al., 2000Koutcherov et al., , 2004Koutcherov et al., 2007;Mai et al., 2008); the landmarks used, such as the optic tract, the floor of the diencephalon, the third ventricle, and the fornix, were readily and reliably identifiable in MR scans." AbstractGaining new insights into the anatomy of the hu...

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“…18,19,50,97 Strategically placed at the crossroads of multiple functional systems, the hypothalamus is composed of a complex array of nuclei and thin fibers that run chiefly in the medial forebrain bundle, in the fornix, and in the ansa peduncularis. 39,50,51,69 In all vertebrate species, the hypothalamus is a paramedian division of the basal diencephalon that lies below the thalamus, where it makes up the floor and lateral walls of the third ventricle. 49 The complex anatomy of the hypothalamus is best represented by a combination of coronal, axial, and parasagittal sections alternatively stained for nerve fibers and cell bodies.…”

Section: Functional Organization Of the Hypothalamusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…23,24,27,83,112 Neuroscience researchers have employed different techniques to reveal the minutiae of the functions of the hypothalamus, ranging from the tracing of fiber pathways to advanced molecular analysis. 48,50,99 The hypothalamus mainly exerts an integrative role; that is, it receives a range of afferent inputs and effectuates autonomic, endocrine, and behavioral responses to achieve homeostasis through allostasis. 87 Accordingly, the hypothalamus has been implicated in psychiatric diseases related to feeding, sexual behavior, aggression, and fear.…”

Section: Implications For the Futurementioning

confidence: 99%

“…It contains several nuclei that sustain intricate connections with each other as well as with distant parts of the brain and the endocrine system through the hypophysis. 50,51 Creation of lesions and stimulation of discrete regions within the hypothalamus of experimental animals have proven their decisive contribution to the neural organization of fundamental approach (e.g., alimentary and sexual) and avoidance (e.g., fear) behaviors. 52,57,95,111,114 Targeting specific regions of the human hypothalamus has constituted a major technical challenge due to their location and myriad of passing fibers.…”

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The hypothalamus at the crossroads of psychopathology and neurosurgery

Barbosa

Oliveira‐Souza

Santo

et al. 2017

Neurosurgical Focus

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The neurosurgical endeavor to treat psychiatric patients may have been part of human history since its beginning. The modern era of psychosurgery can be traced to the heroic attempts of Gottlieb Burckhardt and Egas Moniz to alleviate mental symptoms through the ablation of restricted areas of the frontal lobes in patients with disabling psychiatric illnesses. Thanks to the adaptation of the stereotactic frame to human patients, the ablation of large volumes of brain tissue has been practically abandoned in favor of controlled interventions with discrete targets.Consonant with the role of the hypothalamus in the mediation of the most fundamental approach-avoidance behaviors, some hypothalamic nuclei and regions, in particular, have been selected as targets for the treatment of aggressiveness (posterior hypothalamus), pathological obesity (lateral or ventromedial nuclei), sexual deviations (ventromedial nucleus), and drug dependence (ventromedial nucleus). Some recent improvements in outcomes may have been due to the use of stereotactically guided deep brain stimulation and the change of therapeutic focus from categorical diagnoses (such as schizophrenia) to dimensional symptoms (such as aggressiveness), which are nonspecific in terms of formal diagnosis. However, agreement has never been reached on 2 related issues: 1) the choice of target, based on individual diagnoses; and 2) reliable prediction of outcomes related to individual targets. Despite the lingering controversies on such critical aspects, the experience of the past decades should pave the way for advances in the field. The current failure of pharmacological treatments in a considerable proportion of patients with chronic disabling mental disorders is reminiscent of the state of affairs that prevailed in the years before the early psychosurgical attempts.This article reviews the functional organization of the hypothalamus, the effects of ablation and stimulation of discrete hypothalamic regions, and the stereotactic targets that have most often been used in the treatment of psychopathological and behavioral symptoms; finally, the implications of current and past experience are presented from the perspective of how this fund of knowledge may usefully contribute to the future of hypothalamic psychosurgery.

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White matter connectivity of human hypothalamus

Cited by 78 publications

References 55 publications

The structure of the amygdala associates with human sexual permissiveness: Evidence from voxel‐based morphometry

The structure of the amygdala associates with human sexual permissiveness: Evidence from voxel‐based morphometry

MRI atlas of the human hypothalamus

The hypothalamus at the crossroads of psychopathology and neurosurgery

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