White matter connectivity and aerobic fitness in male adolescents

Herting, Megan M.; Colby, John B.; Sowell, Elizabeth R.; Nagel, Bonnie J.

doi:10.1016/j.dcn.2013.11.003

Cited by 67 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(84 reference statements)

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“…Finally, increasing FA in the CC suggests more efficient sensory, motor, and cognitive interaction taking place between the two hemispheres. [55][56][57] Positive effects on both CC and CST are in line with previously conducted studies that showed higher number of streamlines count in youths with higher self-reported fitness levels in CST and anterior CC 58 and the correlation between cardiorespiratory fitness parameters and FA suggested in healthy seniors, 59 females and multiple sclerosis patients, 60 but they have not been comprehensively demonstrated in a longitudinal setup. Thus, continuous practice of acquired physical skills improves fiber bundles in the brain implicated in primary and associative motor functioning.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

103

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It has been shown that learning a new skill leads to structural changes in the brain. However, it is unclear whether it is the acquisition or continuous practicing of the skill that causes this effect and whether brain connectivity of patients with schizophrenia can benefit from such practice. We examined the effect of 6 months exercise on a stationary bicycle on the brain in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Biking is an endemic skill in the Netherlands and thus offers an ideal situation to disentangle the effects of learning vs practice. The 33 participating patients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy individuals were assigned to either one of two conditions, ie, physical exercise or lifeas-usual, balanced for diagnosis. Diffusion tensor imaging brain scans were made prior to and after intervention. We demonstrate that irrespective of diagnosis regular physical exercise of an overlearned skill, such as bicycling, significantly increases the integrity, especially of motor functioning related, white matter fiber tracts whereas life-as-usual leads to a decrease in fiber integrity. Our findings imply that exercise of an overlearned physical skill improves brain connectivity in patients and healthy individuals. This has important implications for understanding the effect of fitness programs on the brain in both healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, the outcome may even apply to the nonphysical realm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 67%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

103

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“…All linear mixed effect-modeling results (uncorrected p<0.05) were followed by permutations (n=1000) to obtain adjusted p-values, utilizing a threshold-free cluster enhancement algorithm [42]. Statistical trends were reported (corrected p<0.10).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

White matter microstructure among youth with perinatally acquired HIV is associated with disease severity

Uban

Herting

Williams

et al. 2015

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Objectives We investigated whether HIV disease severity was associated with alterations in structural brain connectivity, and whether those alterations in turn were associated with cognitive deficits in youth with perinatally-acquired HIV (PHIV). Design PHIV youth (n=40) from the Pediatric HIV/AIDS Cohort Study (PHACS) (mean age: 16±2 yrs) were included to evaluate how current and past disease severity measures (recent/nadir CD4%; peak viral load) relate to white matter (WM) microstructure within PHIV youth. PHIV youth were compared to 314 controls from the Pediatric Imaging, Neurocognition, and Genetics (PING) study. Methods Diffusion tensor imaging and tractography were utilized to assess WM microstructure. Mediation analyses were conducted to examine whether microstructure alterations contributed to relationships between higher disease severity and specific cognitive domains in PHIV youth. Results Whole brain fractional anisotropy (FA) was reduced, but radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivity were increased, in PHIV compared to control youth. Within PHIV youth, more severe past HIV disease was associated with reduced FA of the right inferior fronto-occipital (IFO) and left uncinate tracts; elevated MD of the F minor; and increased streamlines comprising the left inferior longitudinal fasciculus (ILF). Associations of higher peak viral load with lower working memory performance were partly mediated by reductions in right IFO FA levels. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PHIV youth have higher risk of alterations in WM microstructure compared to typically developing youth, and certain alterations are related to past disease severity. Further, WM alterations potentially mediate associations between HIV disease and working memory.

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“…The age and region of highest FA and lowest diffusivity vary substantially across reports and are likely attributable to many study differences, including scanner magnet field strength and manufacturer (Papinutto et al, 2013), acquisition protocol (Basser and Pierpaoli, 1996; Jones, 2004), quantification method, and participant factors such as age range (Yeatman et al, 2014), sex (Bava et al, 2011; Hasan et al, 2010; Herting et al, 2012; Wang et al, 2012), ethnicity, head motion (Kreilkamp et al, 2015; Yendiki et al, 2013), and even exercise (Herting et al, 2014). One way to confirm characterization of multifaceted dynamics of neurodevelopment is through longitudinal DTI study of adolescent white matter development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonizing DTI measurements across scanners to examine the development of white matter microstructure in 803 adolescents of the NCANDA study

et al. 2016

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Neurodevelopment continues through adolescence, with notable maturation of white matter tracts comprising regional fiber systems progressing at different rates. To identify factors that could contribute to regional differences in white matter microstructure development, large samples of youth spanning adolescence to young adulthood are essential to parse these factors. Recruitment of adequate samples generally relies on multi-site consortia but comes with the challenge of merging data acquired on different platforms. In the current study, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data were acquired on GE and Siemens systems through the National Consortium on Alcohol and NeuroDevelopment in Adolescence (NCANDA), a multi-site study designed to track the trajectories of regional brain development during a time of high risk for initiating alcohol consumption. This cross-sectional analysis reports baseline Tract-Based Spatial Statistic (TBSS) of regional fractional anisotropy (FA), mean diffusivity (MD), axial diffusivity (L1), and radial diffusivity (LT) from the five consortium sites on 671 adolescents who met no/low alcohol or drug consumption criteria and 132 adolescents with a history of exceeding consumption criteria. Harmonization of DTI metrics across manufacturers entailed the use of human-phantom data, acquired multiple times on each of three non-NCANDA participants at each site’s MR system, to determine a manufacturer-specific correction factor. Application of the correction factor derived from human phantom data measured on MR systems from different manufacturers reduced the standard deviation of the DTI metrics for FA by almost a half, enabling harmonization of data that would have otherwise carried systematic error. Permutation testing supported the hypothesis of higher FA and lower diffusivity measures in older adolescents and indicated that, overall, the FA, MD, and L1 of the boys was higher than that of the girls, suggesting continued microstructural development notable in the boys. The contribution of demographic and clinical differences to DTI metrics was assessed with General Additive Models (GAM) testing for age, sex, and ethnicity differences in regional skeleton mean values. The results supported the primary study hypothesis that FA skeleton mean values in the no/low-drinking group were highest at different ages. When differences in intracranial volume were covaried, FA skeleton mean reached a maximum at younger ages in girls than boys and varied in magnitude with ethnicity. Our results, however, did not support the hypothesis that youth who exceeded exposure criteria would have lower FA or higher diffusivity measures than the no/low-drinking group; detecting the effects of excessive alcohol consumption during adolescence on DTI metrics may require longitudinal study.

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White matter connectivity and aerobic fitness in male adolescents

Cited by 67 publications

References 56 publications

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

White matter microstructure among youth with perinatally acquired HIV is associated with disease severity

Harmonizing DTI measurements across scanners to examine the development of white matter microstructure in 803 adolescents of the NCANDA study

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