White matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia: A combined structural MRI and DTI study

Chan, Wai-Yen; Yang, Guo-Liang; Chia, Ming-Ying; Lau, Ik-Yung; Sitoh, Yih Yian; Nowinski, Wiesław L.; Sim, Kang

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2009.12.012

Cited by 59 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 74 publications

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“…77,79 Another potential limitation is that no significant baseline differences between patients and controls in FA were found. Although this is consistent with some earlier studies, 80,81 in a meta-analysis of DTI studies FA was lower in patients. 4 Therefore we cannot predict how our findings will extend to patients with more severe white matter abnormalities, either through more or less prominent improvements in fiber integrity.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

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It has been shown that learning a new skill leads to structural changes in the brain. However, it is unclear whether it is the acquisition or continuous practicing of the skill that causes this effect and whether brain connectivity of patients with schizophrenia can benefit from such practice. We examined the effect of 6 months exercise on a stationary bicycle on the brain in patients with schizophrenia and healthy controls. Biking is an endemic skill in the Netherlands and thus offers an ideal situation to disentangle the effects of learning vs practice. The 33 participating patients with schizophrenia and 48 healthy individuals were assigned to either one of two conditions, ie, physical exercise or lifeas-usual, balanced for diagnosis. Diffusion tensor imaging brain scans were made prior to and after intervention. We demonstrate that irrespective of diagnosis regular physical exercise of an overlearned skill, such as bicycling, significantly increases the integrity, especially of motor functioning related, white matter fiber tracts whereas life-as-usual leads to a decrease in fiber integrity. Our findings imply that exercise of an overlearned physical skill improves brain connectivity in patients and healthy individuals. This has important implications for understanding the effect of fitness programs on the brain in both healthy subjects and patients with schizophrenia. Moreover, the outcome may even apply to the nonphysical realm.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Svátková

Mandl

Scheewe

et al. 2015

SCHBUL

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“…Reduction of gray matter in schizophrenia is found in regions of the mentalizing network [73,74,75], and mentalizing performance is correlated with the variation of volume in medial temporal and prefrontal areas [76,77,78]. …”

Section: The Application Of Mentalizing Experiments To Link the Psychmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mentalizing Functions Provide a Conceptual Link of Brain Function and Social Cognition in Major Mental Disorders

Schnell

2014

Psychopathology

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The review presents a research perspective that defines mentalizing functions as a very promising topic to bridge psychopathology and neurobiological foundations of mental disorders. However, the high diversity of existing observations in mentalizing research calls for a structured assessment of functional mentalizing subdomains. A notable problem is the overlap of functional systems involved in mentalizing and emotion processing. A proposed solution is to conceptualize mentalizing functions due to their content (visuospatial vs. emotional) perspective and substrates (cognitive or explicit signals). This conceptual organization is mirrored in functional imaging experiments dissociating anteromedial and posterolateral brain regions, especially the involvement of the medial prefrontal cortex in mentalizing emotions and the temporoparietal cortex in visuospatial perspective taking. The present state and perspectives of mentalizing research are demonstrated in two major fields of mental disorders, depression and schizophrenia. In depression the existent contradictory findings demand a control of cognitive impairments, which are frequently associated with depressive disorders. In schizophrenia there is already consistent evidence that defines mentalizing functions as promising endophenotype, which can possibly link psychopathology to its neurobiological foundations.

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“…Kalus et al [30,31] reported significant alterations in diffusional anisotropy of the amygdale and hippocampus in patients with schizophrenia, again pointing to the involvement of limbic brain areas in delusion formation. The study of Chan et al [32] in first-episode schizophrenia patients reported reduced white matter volumes in right temporal and occipital regions that include the inferior longitudinal fasciculus. In this brain area, a significantly lower planar anisotropy was observed compared to a higher linear anisotropy in the same brain area.…”

Section: Cortical and Subcortical Alterations And Delusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurobiological Correlates of Delusion: Beyond the Salience Attribution Hypothesis

et al. 2012

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Dopamine dysfunction is a mainstay of theories aimed to explain the neurobiological correlates of schizophrenia symptoms, particularly positive symptoms such as delusions and passivity phenomena. Based on studies revealing dopamine dysfunction in addiction research, it has been suggested that phasic or chaotic firing of dopaminergic neurons projecting to the (ventral) striatum attribute salience to otherwise irrelevant stimuli and thus contribute to delusional mood and delusion formation. Indeed, several neuroimaging studies revealed that neuronal encoding of usually irrelevant versus relevant stimuli is blunted in unmedicated schizophrenia patients, suggesting that some stimuli that are irrelevant for healthy controls acquire increased salience for psychotic patients. However, salience attribution per se may not suffice to explain anxieties and feelings of threat that often accompany paranoid ideation. Here, we suggest that beyond ventral striatal dysfunction, dopaminergic dysregulation in limbic areas such as the amygdala in interaction with prefrontal and temporal cortex may contribute to the formation of delusions and negative symptoms. Neuroleptic medication, on the other hand, appears to interfere with anticipation of reward in the ventral striatum and can thus contribute to secondary negative symptoms such as apathy and avolition.

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White matter abnormalities in first-episode schizophrenia: A combined structural MRI and DTI study

Cited by 59 publications

References 74 publications

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Physical Exercise Keeps the Brain Connected: Biking Increases White Matter Integrity in Patients With Schizophrenia and Healthy Controls

Mentalizing Functions Provide a Conceptual Link of Brain Function and Social Cognition in Major Mental Disorders

Neurobiological Correlates of Delusion: Beyond the Salience Attribution Hypothesis

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