White light emission from single component polymers fabricated by spin coating

Tsai, Mu-Lin; Liu, Ching‐Yang; Hsu, Ming‐Ann; Chow, Tahsin J.

doi:10.1063/1.1540247

Cited by 75 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…The sudden pH decrease in this study might be due to the production of lactic acid in the muscle (not determined) . However, this response might also be affected by the application of coatings, as they contain acetic acid (Tsai et al, 2003;López-Caballero et al, 2005;Gómez-Estaca et al, 2010). The pH behavior, almost constant during the storage, could be associated to TVB, which did not show a significant increased during the experiment.…”

Section: Physical Analyses Phmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

et al. 2015

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Fish consumption has increased in recent years. However, fish meat is highly perishable, which demonstrates the need for technologies to preserve its quality. Edible coatings (EC) might provide an alternative to extend the shelf life of fish. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of EC of chitosan (C) in combination with carvacrol (CAR) on the physical and microbiological changes of tilapia fillets. Fillets were submerged for two minutes in different treatments (T1: control; T2: C 2%; T3: C 2% + 0.125% CAR; T 4: C 2% + 0.25% CAR). At the end of storage, T1 and T2 showed the lowest values of total volatile bases (TVB). The color parameters L*, a* and b* varied from each treatment. The texture decreased and the different treatments reduced the microbial population in relation to the control; T3 and T4 were the most effective. These results show that the use of C with CAR might be an alternative method to preserve the quality and safety of tilapia fillets.Keywords: chitosan; essential oils; edible coating; tilapia fillets. Practical Application:The use edible coatings of chitosan-carvacrol could be an alternative to preserve the quality and increase the shelf-life of tilapia fillets.

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Section: Physical Analyses Phmentioning

confidence: 97%

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

et al. 2015

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“…Recently, another single-emitting-component polymer white EL was obtained with red emission coming from aggregates and molecular blue fluorescence. [14] Although a few single-emitting-component white polymer devices have been described in the literature, no single-emittingcomponent WOLED has yet been reported. In this paper we report, for the first time, efficient single-emitting-component WOLEDs with a single-layer and three-layer structure fabricated from 1,3,5-tris(2-(9-ethylcarbazyl-3)ethylene)benzene (TECEB).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

White‐Light Emission from a Single‐Emitting‐Component Organic Electroluminescent Device

Liu

et al. 2004

Advanced Materials

161

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White organic light-emitting devices (WOLEDs) have been attracting much interest because they offer low-cost and large-area alternatives as backlights for flat-panel displays and have good potential for lighting applications. Various strategies have been utilized to fabricate WOLEDs. These include the manufacture of multilayer OLEDs [1±5] by consecutive evaporation, where each layer emits a primary color, and that of the single-layer polymer blend devices, [6±8] where all the emitting components are mixed in one layer. In the case of multilayer white devices, charge blockers are usually used to confine the charges and excitons within the desired regions for improved emission. The usage of blockers often causes high driving voltages and consequently low efficiencies. Spincoating of blended polymer solutions to fabricate single-layer polymer devices offers a promising low-cost technique for large-area display applications. However, problems such as color dependence on the driving voltage and undesired För-ster-type energy transfer between chromophores do exist in such devices.[6±8] Furthermore, in both the multilayer organic device and the single-layer polymer device, the emission color is usually sensitive to the device structure parameters such as active layer thickness and doping concentration. In addition, white-light emission can also be obtained from excimers [9] and/or exciplexes [10,11] of organic or polymer chromophores.However, they have not produced satisfactory white-light emission in terms of color and efficiency. Most of the above problems seem avoidable if a single-component material can be used as the emitting species. Early in 1997, Yang [12] reported a single-emitting-component whitelight-emitting device in which the polyfluorene derivative, poly[9,9-bis(3,6-dioxaheptyl)fluorene-2,7-diyl] (BDOH-PF), was used as the emitter. POPPPVC3 copolymer [13] was also used to fabricate a single-emitting-component WOLED, in which the blue±green light of the white electroluminescence (EL) comes from the individual lumophore and excimer, whereas the red light originates from a new emitting species called an electromer. Recently, another single-emitting-component polymer white EL was obtained with red emission coming from aggregates and molecular blue fluorescence.[14]Although a few single-emitting-component white polymer devices have been described in the literature, no single-emittingcomponent WOLED has yet been reported. In this paper we report, for the first time, efficient single-emitting-component WOLEDs with a single-layer and three-layer structure fabricated from 1,3,5-tris(2-(9-ethylcarbazyl-3)ethylene)benzene (TECEB). The luminance and efficiency of the three-layer device are the highest ever reported for any single-emittingcomponent polymer or organic white devices. The chemical structure and the synthetic procedure of the new compound TECEB are illustrated in Scheme 1. It can be prepared by the traditional Wittig reaction via the following procedure: the reaction of the brominated product of mesit...

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“…Another approach to WPLEDs is the use of a single polymer as the emissive layer. [17][18][19] Together, blue emission from the polymer itself and orange emission from an aggregate/excimer/exciplex give white emission. Although phase separation is completely prevented, WPLEDs based on this strategy suffer from low EL efficiencies.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

White Electroluminescence from a Single Polymer System: Improved Performance by Means of Enhanced Efficiency and Red‐Shifted Luminescence of the Blue‐Light‐Emitting Species

et al. 2007

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Recently, white polymer light-emitting diodes (WPLEDs) have received considerable attention because of their potential utilization in display and lighting applications via low-cost solution processing. One common approach to obtaining white emission from polymer LEDs is to use blends as emissive layers, such as polymer/polymer blends [1][2][3][4][5][6] or polymer/ small-molecule blends. [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16] Although high electroluminescence (EL) efficiencies have been achieved, WPLEDs based on blend systems suffer from bias-dependent EL spectra and intrinsic phase separation during long-term device operation. Another approach to WPLEDs is the use of a single polymer as the emissive layer. [17][18][19] Together, blue emission from the polymer itself and orange emission from an aggregate/excimer/exciplex give white emission. Although phase separation is completely prevented, WPLEDs based on this strategy suffer from low EL efficiencies. Our group has proposed a novel strategy for a white electroluminescent single polymer, which involves incorporating an orange-light-emitting unit into a blue-emitting polymer host. [20][21][22][23][24][25] WPLEDs of this design have the great advantages of high EL efficiencies, bias-independent EL spectra, and no phase separation. We also found that the EL efficiencies of white polymers could be improved by either enhancing the PL quantum efficiency of the orange-emitting species [22] or attaching an orange-emitting species to the side chain of a blueemitting polymer backbone.[23]In all of our white single polymers, the blue-emitting species is polyfluorene (PF). Moreover, the aforementioned efficient WPLEDs based on blends also employ PF as the blue-emitting material; however, as a blue electroluminescent polymer PF suffers from two drawbacks: i) the PL quantum efficiency of PF in solid films is low (U PL = 0.55) [27,28] because of the interaction of polymer chains, and ii) the emission spectrum of PF lies in the deep-blue region, to which human eyes are insensitive, and limits the luminous efficiency of the white emission. Hence, we believe that the blue-emitting species is the bottleneck for the EL efficiency of white electroluminescent polymers and devices. Our group has reported a highly efficient blue-emitting polymer of a dopant/host system, in which a light-blue-emitting dimethylamino naphtalimide (DMAN) unit (model compound 4-dimethylamino-9-decyl-1,8-naphthalimide (MC-B1), see Supporting Information) is attached to the side chain of deep-blue-emitting PF (PFB5, see Scheme 1).[29] This polymer exhibits a much higher EL efficiency than PF because its emission dominantly originates from the highly fluorescent, dispersed DMAN unit (U PL = 0.84), and because its EL spectrum is partially red-shifted compared with that of PF (ca. 30 nm). In this Communication, we report how we have replaced PF by a DMAN-containing PF as the blue-emitting species in a white-emitting single polymer, with the aim of improving the EL efficiencies of white-emitting single polymers by...

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White light emission from single component polymers fabricated by spin coating

Cited by 75 publications

References 19 publications

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

Effect of chitosan-carvacrol edible coatings on the quality and shelf life of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fillets stored in ice

White‐Light Emission from a Single‐Emitting‐Component Organic Electroluminescent Device

White Electroluminescence from a Single Polymer System: Improved Performance by Means of Enhanced Efficiency and Red‐Shifted Luminescence of the Blue‐Light‐Emitting Species

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