White Lies and Black Markets

Fatah-Black, Karwan

doi:10.1163/9789004283350

Cited by 13 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Several other private slave-trading companies existed, such as Hamilton & Meyers, Jan Swart, and Adriaan Kroef. 38 The WIC did not insure the lives of the Africans on board their slave ships. 39 In contrast, most private slave-trading corporations did.…”

Section: Slave Life Insurance Of Slave Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insurance of Mass Murder: The Development of Slave Life Insurance Policies of Dutch Private Slave Ships, 1720–1780

Lurvink¹

2019

Enterp. Soc.

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Insurance on slaves, a financial spin-off effect of the slave trade, is not yet completely understood. This article investigates the development of the conditions of this kind of insurance in the Dutch Republic, Europe’s most important insurance sector before 1780. By analyzing various historical insurance documents from the period 1720–1780, it reveals that slave life insurance conditions became increasingly specific and standardized due to developments in general marine insurance and insurance debates on bloodily oppressed slave insurrections. This article shows how enslaved Africans indirectly influenced the insurance conditions by protesting, while insurers might have financially motivated the murder of enslaved Africans who attempted to escape. These findings provide insights into how Dutch insurers dealt with insuring humans with agency as commodities without agency and how slavery and the financial world in the eighteenth century were connected.

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Section: Slave Life Insurance Of Slave Shipsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Insurance of Mass Murder: The Development of Slave Life Insurance Policies of Dutch Private Slave Ships, 1720–1780

Lurvink¹

2019

Enterp. Soc.

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“…Une de ces rares dissections, parmi les premières, fut réalisée au milieu du e siècle par l'anatomiste prussien Johann Friedrich Meckel, dit l'Ancien, à Berlin 43 . Un jeune garçon de douze ans, dé ni comme « africain », avait succombé à une maladie dans la maison d'un ancien esclavagiste et commerçant de café des Provinces-Unies, Stephanus Laurentius Neale 44 . Meckel, à travers les relations de son beau-père, membre de l'Académie prussienne de médecine, Johann Heinrich Sprögel, avait pu récupérer le corps et réaliser la dissection du jeune garçon.…”

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Savoirs sur le cerveau et construction de la race en Europe (fin xviiie-milieu xixe siècle)

Guttin

2023

artefact

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Starting in the late 18 th century, European scholars studied the brain to make racial classifications. Across colonial Europe, new theories emerged that related brain size, mass, or morphology to racial differences. In the early 19 th century, Louis-Antoine Desmoulins, a French physician, constructed a classification of sixteen races based on the study of the cerebral hemispheres. Yet, like most of his contemporaries, Desmoulins had no opportunities to dissect the brains of the different races he identified. How, then, were racial differences established on the basis of cerebral factors? Taking Louis-Antoine Desmoulins as a significant case, this article shows how the case of brain studies invites to unravel the idea that the construction of medical and anthropological knowledge on race was necessarily based on a systematic study of racially defined bodies.

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The role of crop diversity in escape agriculture; rice cultivation among Maroon communities in Suriname

Maat,

Pinas,

van Andel

2023

Plants People Planet

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Societal Impact StatementAgricultural techniques are inherently connected to social organization. Under colonialism, broadly understood as foreign powers suppressing (parts of) a local population, escape agriculture offers a way to avoid despotism by producing food and other produce in independent and sustainable ways. Crop diversity plays an important role in escape agriculture, demonstrated here by the variation of rice varieties on Maroon farms in Suriname. Histories of Maroon agricultural practices, and similarly marginalized groups in (formerly) colonized regions, are informative for current interventions in agriculture. Agronomic support to marginalized groups will only be successful when addressing historically grown social disengagement.Summary Rationale: Food is essential for successful marronage and produced by means of escape agriculture. Today, communities in the interior of Suriname continue to farm by following practices of escape agriculture. Our study traces the historical development of these farming practices, in particular the extensive cultivation of rice. Our aim is to show that the diversity of rice varieties used in their fields reveals the sophisticated farming techniques and social significance of escape agriculture. Methods: We visited about 60 farm plots upstream the main rivers of Suriname where we interviewed the person in charge about the rice varieties grown in their fields. We asked about origin, names, and characteristics of each rice variety. We also screened historical sources, primary and secondary, as well as anthropological accounts of these communities for historical evidence of rice cultivation and varietal diversity. Results: Plots were farmed primarily by women and contained a broad range of different rice varieties. Naming and origin stories show a clear reference to the escape from plantations and the leading role of women in farming and food security. In some fields, a small patch was reserved for a rice type with very dark grains, used mostly for ritual purposes. Results also show adoption of more recently introduced rice varieties. Conclusion: Rice plays a key role in escape agriculture as practiced by Maroon communities in Suriname. Rice varieties are used as agricultural markers of difference.

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White Lies and Black Markets

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

The Insurance of Mass Murder: The Development of Slave Life Insurance Policies of Dutch Private Slave Ships, 1720–1780

The Insurance of Mass Murder: The Development of Slave Life Insurance Policies of Dutch Private Slave Ships, 1720–1780

Savoirs sur le cerveau et construction de la race en Europe (fin xviiie-milieu xixe siècle)

The role of crop diversity in escape agriculture; rice cultivation among Maroon communities in Suriname

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