Whistler wave-induced ionospheric plasma turbulence: Source mechanisms and remote sensing

Pradipta, Rezy; Rooker, L.A.; Whitehurst, L.N.; Lee, M.C.; Ross, L.M.; Sulzer, M. P.; González, S. A.; Tepley, C. A.; Aponte, N.; See, B.Z.; Hu, K.P.

doi:10.1016/j.jastp.2013.04.010

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Parametric instability is a third mechanism that can explain the observed triggered emissions [19]. Powerful VLF waves can interact with the ionospheric plasma and parametrically excite Stokes and anti-Stokes lower hybrid waves, as well as zero-frequency field-aligned density irregularities, in a rapid four-wave interaction process [23,24]. The ionosphere perturbances owing to the NWC transmitter will extend along the magnetic field into the conjugate region [1].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Ionospheric Disturbances Produced by a Powerful Very-Low-Frequency Radio Signal in the Magnetic Conjugated Region Respect the Transmitter

2023

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We investigate four observational cases over NWC magnetically conjugate region by DEMETER spacecraft and CSES satellite. The cases of DEMETER on 23 February 2008 and CSES on 22 March 2020 show the evident ionospheric heating effects, in which the electron density and electron temperature suggest simultaneous enhancements associated with the intense spectra of the VLF electric and magnetic field above the conjugate region. This indicates that the heating effects associated with ionospheric modification are indeed triggered by the VLF signal transmitted by the NWC transmitter. In other words, the strong disturbances induced directly above the transmitter propagate along the magnetic field lines and extend into the magnetic conjugated region. Differently, the cases on 11 February 2010 (DEMETER) and 15 February 2019 (CSES) show obvious increases in electron densities while having no significant elevation in electron temperatures. The presence of enhanced energetic electron spectra at higher L-values, rather than directly above the conjugate region, suggests precipitation events induced by the VLF transmitter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observations of Ionospheric Disturbances Produced by a Powerful Very-Low-Frequency Radio Signal in the Magnetic Conjugated Region Respect the Transmitter

2023

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“…More evidence and discussions on ELF/VLF wave generation in the F region are presented recently by Kuo et al [] and Rooker et al [], reporting diagnosis of BW‐generated ELF/VLF waves using ionosonde and/or radar at HAARP. During ionospheric heating experiment a powerful HF wave can excite large‐scale sheet‐like ionospheric density irregularities (or artificial ionospheric ducts) [ Lee et al , ; Cohen et al , ; Kuo et al , ; Pradipta et al , ; Rooker et al , ]. These HF wave‐created ionospheric ducts can affect the BW ELF/VLF generation process through the coupling to the temporally modulated electrojet to produce a whistler mode current and the associated whistler (ELF/VLF) wave at the beat frequency [ Kuo et al , ; Rooker et al , ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These studies started since the 1970s in the USSR with the help of midlatitude (Zimenki, 56.3°N, 44°E) and polar (Monchegorsk, 68°N, 33°E) heating facilities [ Getmantsev et al , ; Kapustin et al , ]. Subsequent experiments were continued at high‐power HF heating facilities, such as Arecibo in Puerto Rico (18°N, 67°W) [ Ferraro et al , ; Lee et al , ; Pradipta et al , ], European Incoherent Scatter (EISCAT) in Norway (69.6°N, 19.2°E) [ Stubbe et al , ; Barr and Stubbe, , ; Rietveld et al , ; Oikarinen et al , ; Barr , ], “Sura” in Russia (56°N, 44°E) [ Kotik , ; Blagoveshchenskaya and Troshichev , ; Kotik and Ermakova , ; Belikovich et al , ], high‐power auroral simulation (65°N, 147°W), and High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) (62.4°N, 145.2°W) located in USA [ McCarrick et al , ; Jin et al, , ; Kuo et al, , , ; Cohen et al, , ; Moore et al , ; Cohen and Golkowski , ; Rooker et al , ]. According to generally accepted physical mechanisms, periodic HF heating modulates electron temperature in the D region ionosphere (~60–100 km) which leads to modulated conductivity and thus the current density.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Features of amplitude and Doppler frequency variation of ELF/VLF waves generated by “beat‐wave” HF heating at high latitudes

Tereshchenko

Шумилов

Касаткина

et al. 2014

Geophysical Research Letters

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Observations of extremely low frequency (ELF, 3-3000 Hz) radio waves generated by a "beat-wave" (BW) high frequency (~4.04-4.9 MHz) ionospheric heating are presented. ELF waves were registered with the ELF receiver located at Lovozero (68°N, 35°E), 660 km east from the European Incoherent Scatter Tromso heating facility (69. 6°N, 19.2°E). Frequency shifts between the generated beat-wave and received ELF waves were detected in all sessions. It is shown that the amplitudes of ELF waves depend on the auroral electrojet current strength. Our results showing a strong dependence of ELF signal intensities on the substorm development seem to support the conclusion that electrojet currents may affect the BW generation of ELF/VLF waves.

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Experimental comparisons between AM and BW modulation heating excitation of ELF/VLF waves at EISCAT

Yang

Wang

et al. 2019

Physics of Plasmas

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In this paper, the experimental results of the extremely/very low frequency (ELF/VLF) radiation from the ionosphere by amplitude modulation (AM) mode and dual-beam beat-wave (BW) mode modulation heating using the European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association (EISCAT) heating facility are presented. By comparing the dependence of the ELF/VLF radiation sources formed by AM and BW models on the geomagnetic field disturbance and the differences in different periods, this paper aims to examine some issues such as source regions and mechanisms addressed in the theoretical study of ionospheric high frequency modulated heating. The results show that (1) in the AM mode, the intensity of the ELF/VLF radiation source depends on the intensity of geomagnetic disturbance and thus on the magnitude of natural currents in the ionosphere, while in the BW mode, the intensity of the ELF/VLF radiation source is less dependent on the intensity of geomagnetic disturbance; (2) during the relatively quiet period of geomagnetic disturbance, the intensity of the ELF/VLF radiation source formed by AM mode modulation heating decreases and by BW mode modulation, heating increases when the ionization of the lower ionosphere decreases. The results of our EISCAT modulation experiments presented in the current paper and the earlier one by Yang et al. [“The polarization characteristics of ELF/VLF waves generated via HF heating experiments of the ionosphere by EISCAT,” Phys. Plasmas 25, 092902 (2018)] support that the BW mode heating mechanism mainly results from the ponderomotive nonlinearity, and the modulation region is located in the F layer.

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Whistler wave-induced ionospheric plasma turbulence: Source mechanisms and remote sensing

Cited by 3 publications

References 14 publications

Observations of Ionospheric Disturbances Produced by a Powerful Very-Low-Frequency Radio Signal in the Magnetic Conjugated Region Respect the Transmitter

Observations of Ionospheric Disturbances Produced by a Powerful Very-Low-Frequency Radio Signal in the Magnetic Conjugated Region Respect the Transmitter

Features of amplitude and Doppler frequency variation of ELF/VLF waves generated by “beat‐wave” HF heating at high latitudes

Experimental comparisons between AM and BW modulation heating excitation of ELF/VLF waves at EISCAT

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