Whipscars and Tattoos

Catalytic transformations for agro-waste conversion to 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and furfural: Chemistry and scale-up development

“…For this dream to come true, all around the world, the concept for scale-up development of 5-HMF is continuously being investigated, especially in countries like USA, China, Germany, Europe, Japan, India and Southeast Asia. Among such countries, a number of patents and publications are being shared/registered by various key player companies, namely, AVA Biochem (Muttenz, Switzerland), 176 BASF SE (Ludwigshafen am Rhein, Germany), 177,178 NBB Company, Sartec Corp. (Anoka, USA), 179,180 Everlight Chemical (Taipei 106, Taiwan), Archer Daniels Midland Company (ADM) (Chicago, USA), [181][182][183][184][185] Mikromidas Inc. (West Sacramento, USA), [186][187][188][189] Wutong Aroma Chemicals (Mainland, China), Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation (WARF) (Madison, USA), [190][191][192] Nowa Pharmaceuticals (NSW 2153, Australia), Sedzucker AG (Mannheim, Germany), 193,194 Novamont S.P.A. (Novara, Italy), [195][196][197] Novozymes A/S (Bagsvaerd, Denmark), [198][199][200] UC Regents (Oakland, USA), 201,202 Battelle Memorial Institute (Columbus, USA) 203,204 and Agency for Science, Technology, and Research (A*STAR, Singapore) (Table 9). 205 At the present time, the concerned firms are constantly performing and proposing a plethora of projects for achieving the pilot-scale production goal via controlling side reactions, making purification much easier, and reducing the cost to an acceptable range (∼1 USD).…”