Which trees form the best soil? Reclaimed mine soil properties under 22 tree species: 50 years later—assessment of physical and chemical properties

Spasić, Marko; Vacek, Oldřich; Vejvodová, Kateřina; Tejnecký, Václav; Vokurková, Petra; Križová, Petra; Polák, Filip; Vašát, Radim; Borůvka, Luboš; Drábek, Ondřej

doi:10.1007/s10342-023-01637-x

Cited by 4 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Other major macronutrients (Ca, K, Mg) have shown to be very high, which corresponds to other findings from the Sokolov region [14,53]. The tested plant available and potentially toxic elements had very low or low values, which are in accordance to the values obtained by Spasić et al [14] and Frouz et al [56].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Available phosphorus was found to be insufficient or low for forest growth, and the values are comparable to the results obtained by other authors on reclaimed mine sites [14,52,53]. Bartuska and Frouz [20] have found that total P levels decreased in reclaimed alder forests in Sokolov with reclamation age (unlike C and N), and explained this by leaching, plant uptake, and phosphorus being of mineral origin.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

“…On the contrary, under conifers (high C/N ratio), a thick organic and a thin organo-mineral horizons were present. Spasić et al [14] have found that, in most cases (with some exceptions), similarly aged (~50 years old) conifers within the Antonín forest arboretum in Sokolov formed A horizons thinner than 3 cm, whereas most broadleaves formed 4-6 cm thick A horizons. On a 28-year-old site reclaimed by alders in Sokolov, 9.8 cm thick organo-mineral horizons were recorded [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In all localities, target trees were planted directly into the technogenic parent material. At Bohemia and Antonín, rows of alders were planted together with the target tree species, and cut after a period of 10 years, leaving the formed biomass on site [14]. At all three localities, reclamation was conducted without the application of topsoil.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Compared to natural, undisturbed forest soils, which take thousands of years to develop, this is a very short time indeed. However, observing the development of soils in these initial phases is very important [13,14] and allows us to evaluate pedogenetic processes difficult to see in mature soils [15]. Studies which show that the soil formation process on post-mining sites can be observed within a shorter time period compared to natural sites have also been conducted [16].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile Development and Soil Properties of Three Forest Reclamations of Different Ages in Sokolov Mining Basin, Czech Republic

Spasić,

Vacek,

Vejvodová

et al. 2024

Forests

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Forestry reclamation practices have been very popular in the second half of the last century, and many spoil heaps have been converted into forests since. In our experiment, three forest reclamations of different ages (~90, ~50, and ~30 years) and three soil vegetation covers (I—maple and cherry, II—maple, and III—alder) from Sokolov, Czech Republic, were investigated. In each of the three stands, two soil profiles have been dug, and both disturbed and undisturbed soil samples were taken from all recognized horizons. Samples were tested for bulk and particle density, porosity, water retention capacity, pH (H2O, KCl), cation exchange capacity, oxidizable carbon content, organic matter quality, plant available nutrients, and risk elements. A comparison of these properties throughout the profile, as well as between the stands, was presented. A significant role of stand age in soil profile development and soil quality was observed, as well as the tendency of the anthropogenic mine Technosol to evolve into a forest Cambisol in this climate region and parent material. Influence of forest vegetation cover was observed to ameliorate soil properties by accumulating organic matter, thus reducing compaction and increasing CEC and nutrient availability.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 86%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Profile Development and Soil Properties of Three Forest Reclamations of Different Ages in Sokolov Mining Basin, Czech Republic

Spasić,

Vacek,

Vejvodová

et al. 2024

Forests

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Temporal changes of soil characteristics on Lítov spoil heap, Czech Republic

Enkhtaivan,

Vacek,

Vokurková

et al. 2024

Soil & Water Res.

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This study aimed to examine the changes in selected soil properties at Lítov spoil heap (Sokolov, Czech Republic) and compare the current situation with the situation described twenty years ago. A total of 110 soil samples were taken at Lítov at the same sites as in 1998. The analyses of basic soil characteristics involved: exchangeable soil pH (pH KCl ), organic carbon content (C ox ), quality of humic substances (A 400/ A 600 ), exchangeable acidity (E a ), and two types of aluminium contents in the soil. Changes in all soil characteristics between 1998 and 2018 were statistically evaluated, compared, and visualized using Geographical Information Systems (GIS). We have observed an increase of pH KCl , C ox and a slight improvement in humus quality compared to the results from 1998. The temporal changes of soil characteristics were evident in the whole area, and the influence of reclamation methods was also pronounced. Soil development close to the regional common natural conditions was found in the area where agricultural reclamation measures (i.e., covering with topsoil) were carried out. Furthermore, afforestation -mainly by deciduous trees -supported the improvement of soil characteristics favourable for plant growth. High pyrite content and marshland were identified as the main causes that led to vegetation cover mortality.

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The Potential of Non-Native Pines for Timber Production—A Case Study from Afforested Post-Mining Sites

Zeidler,

Borůvka,

Tomczak

et al. 2024

Forests

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Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) represents one of the most important commercial coniferous tree species, providing valuable timber. Due to climate change, it is experiencing serious problems in some areas, therefore, finding a suitable substitute for its wood is currently a challenge. In this study, we compared the wood quality of three different non-native pine species and Scots pine growing at the same site to ensure identical growing conditions. Black pine (Pinus nigra J. F. Arnold), a pine species native to Southern Europe, lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta Douglas ex Loudon), and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Douglas ex C. Lawson) native to North America were compared to Scots pine for selected quantitative (productivity) and qualitative (physical and mechanical) properties. Significant differences between pine species were found in all quantitative dendrometric parameters, except average diameter at breast height. The stand volume ranged from 157 m3 ha−1 for lodgepole pine to 356 m3 ha−1 for Scots pine. For qualitative characteristics, wood density, shrinkage, and compressive strength were used to find differences among species in choosing the best alternative. The highest wood density was obtained for Scots pine (458 kg m−3), followed by black pine with 441 kg m−3. The density of the remaining pine species was significantly lower. Scots pine also exceeded the tested species in compressive strength (44.2 MPa). Lodgepole pine achieved the second highest value (39.3 MPa) but was statistically similar to black pine (36.5 MPa). The tested pine species exhibited similar values in shrinkage, which were statistically insignificant, ranging from 14.3% for lodgepole pine to 15.1% for Scots pine. Based on applications and preferred characteristics, black pine or lodgepole pine could serve as the Scots pine substitute in some areas. And vice versa, ponderosa pine did not attain the Scots pine wood quality.

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Which trees form the best soil? Reclaimed mine soil properties under 22 tree species: 50 years later—assessment of physical and chemical properties

Cited by 4 publications

References 27 publications

Profile Development and Soil Properties of Three Forest Reclamations of Different Ages in Sokolov Mining Basin, Czech Republic

Profile Development and Soil Properties of Three Forest Reclamations of Different Ages in Sokolov Mining Basin, Czech Republic

Temporal changes of soil characteristics on Lítov spoil heap, Czech Republic

The Potential of Non-Native Pines for Timber Production—A Case Study from Afforested Post-Mining Sites

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