Which schizotypal dimensions abolish latent inhibition?

Gray, Nicola S.; Fernandez, Michelle; Williams, J. H.; Ruddle, Roy Allan; Snowden, Robert Jefferson

doi:10.1348/014466502760379136

Cited by 68 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…However, contrary to the hypothesis and the findings of Granger et al [31] there was no association between the OS scores and the O-LIFE subscales, specifically UnExp, as was found in the Granger et al [31] study or CogDis which has been linked to attentional difficulties as measured in LI and KB [13,29,30]. One explanation is that the tasks used here were different from that used to show OS in Granger et al [31].…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

“…Such methodological differences may account for the relationship between OS and O-LIFE scores shown in Granger et al [31]. In any event, the results of the present study may be taken to suggest that the relationship between O-LIFE scores and OS is less compelling than that demonstrated for LI and KB [13,[28][29][30]. Consistent with this interpretation, there is evidence from animal studies that LI and KB are modulated by different neural substrates to OS [19][20][21].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

“…In particular, studies using the O-LIFE show that increased UnExp scores are correlated with reduced LI [28,29]. Reduced LI has also been reported in individuals with increased CogDis and ImpNo scores [29]. Similarly, there is evidence for reduced KB in individuals scoring highly on UnExp and CogDis schizotypy measures [13,30].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…For example, there is good evidence that reduced LI may be attributed to high schizotypy, as measured by a variety of scales [8]. In particular, studies using the O-LIFE show that increased UnExp scores are correlated with reduced LI [28,29]. Reduced LI has also been reported in individuals with increased CogDis and ImpNo scores [29].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overshadowing depends on cue and reinforcement sensitivity but not schizotypy

Pickett

Cassaday

Bibby

2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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There is evidence for impaired selective learning mechanisms in individuals high in schizotypy. Overshadowing provides a direct test of selective learning based on cue salience and has previously been reported to be impaired in relation to schizotypy scores. The present study tested for overshadowing using food allergy and Lego construction task variants. Both variants used the same number of conditioned stimulus (CS) cues and the same number of learning trials. CS cues were trained in compound pairs or in isolation and overshadowing was subsequently tested on trials followed by negative versus positive outcomes. Participants also completed the O-LIFE to measure schizotypy and BIS-BAS scales to measure reinforcement sensitivity. Learning was demonstrated for both cue variants; however overshadowing emerged only in the Lego variant and only on the trials followed by the negative outcome. Contrary to expectations, there was no evidence for any relationship between overshadowing and O-LIFE scores. However, there was evidence of a positive relationship between overshadowing and BAS-Drive as well as a negative relationship with BIS-Anxiety, for the trials followed by the positive outcome in the food allergy variant. These results suggest that the development of overshadowing depends on cue and reinforcement sensitivity, but not necessarily on schizotypy. Behavioural Brain Research 3

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 79%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 56%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Overshadowing depends on cue and reinforcement sensitivity but not schizotypy

Pickett

Cassaday

Bibby

2017

Behavioural Brain Research

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“…The Oxford-Liverpool Inventory for Feelings and Experiences consists of 159 items selected on the basis of factor-analytic studies of older scales assessing psychotic-like features in the general population (Mason, Claridge, & Jackson, 1995). Contributing to the experimental validity of this inventory, various studies have confirmed that high schizotypy scorers, as identified by the O-LIFE sub-scales, demonstrate cognitive deficits similar to those seen in schizophrenic patients (Burch, Steel, & Hemsley, 1998;Goodarzi, Wykes, & Hemsley, 2000;Gray, Fernandez, Williams, Ruddle, & Snowden, 2002;Tsakanikos & Reed, 2003). More specifically, it assesses the following dimensions:…”

Section: Schizotypy Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

Tsakanikos

Reed

2005

Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry

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Adopting a dimensional approach to experimental psychopathology, and taking into account inconsistencies in the previous literature, we examined whether reports of psychoticlike experiences in undergraduate students were associated with shift-learning deficits, akin to those seen in schizophrenia. The participants (N ¼ 72) were tested on a new compound stimulus discrimination task before and after a target shift, and were administered a multidimensional schizotypy inventory (O-LIFE). Performance impairment following a target shift was associated with the negative (introvertive anhedonia) and the impulsive (impulsive nonconformity) dimension of schizotypy, but not with the positive (unusual experiences), nor the disorganised (cognitive disorganisation) dimension. None of the schizotypy measures were associated with performance on discrimination learning before the target shift. The obtained results are in line with past evidence that shift learning is associated with the severity of the negative symptomatology of schizophrenia. The possibility that psychotic-like features may

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Personality, creativity and latent inhibition

et al. 2006

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The current study set out to investigate the relationship between creativity, multidimensional schizotypy and personality more generally. This was achieved by analysing scores on a range of personality scales and measures of creativity, where it was found that the creativity measures were more closely related to asocial-schizotypy than positiveschizotypy. The study also sought to test Eysenck's prediction (1993, 1995) that, given the putative relationship between creativity and psychosis-proneness, high psychosisprone scoring individuals and high creativity scoring individuals would demonstrate the same cognitive style of 'overinclusiveness' on latent inhibition. However, the results failed to demonstrate any evidence of a shared 'widening of the associative horizon' between high creativity and high psychosis-prone scorers. The findings are discussed in relation to multi-dimensional schizotypy.

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Which schizotypal dimensions abolish latent inhibition?

Abstract: Our results support the proposition that the cognitive processes underlying the mediation of LI are related to the genesis of unusual experiences in schizotypy and, by extension, the positive symptoms of schizophrenia.

Cited by 68 publications

References 40 publications

Overshadowing depends on cue and reinforcement sensitivity but not schizotypy

Overshadowing depends on cue and reinforcement sensitivity but not schizotypy

Dimensional approaches to experimental psychopathology of schizophrenia: shift learning and report of psychotic-like experiences in college students

Personality, creativity and latent inhibition

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