Summary statement:States are troubled by the challenges posed by NPS. A growing chorus of scholars are critical of blanket bans, such as the one adopted recently by the United Kingdom. Little is known about the consequences of the ban; good evaluations of the experiences of Ireland, Australia and the UK are urgently needed.We welcome the insightful comments to our article [1] questioning the effectiveness of the UK ban on new psychoactive substances. Each author's comments highlight the difficulties facing countries attempting to regulate the rapidly-evolving market of non-controlled psychoactives. Perhaps more troubling, the chorus of regulatory challenges from other times and places reaffirms our underlying pessimism about the solubility of the NPS problem; the available choices all leave a lot to be desired.Any effort to create a legal regulatory system is almost certain to face challenges both in court and in the market. Much more is known today about neurology, the brain, chemistry, etc. than when states first controlled 'traditional' drugs 50 or 100 years ago; this advantages the producers. Control is further complicated by the fact that, as Evans-Brown and Sedefov [2] point out, globalization makes supply of such drugs easier than before. Given these challenges more states are seriously considering blanket bans as one solution; our article failed to note that Australia imposed such a ban in 2015 [3].Yet the commenters share our apprehension about this approach. Krajewski underscores the lack of evidence of harm and the almost reactionary response of the state to ban mind-altering substances [4]. A sweeping application of the precautionary principle precludes data collection and assessment as This article is