Which paternal, maternal and placental parameters influence foal size and vitality?

Fernandes, Claudia Barbosa; Meirelles, Marcela Gonçalves; Guimarães, Carina de Fátima; Nichi, Marcílio; Affonso, Frank José; Fonte, J.S.; Onoe, E.; Alonso, Maria Augusta

doi:10.1016/j.jevs.2013.10.161

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…O peso dos anexos fetais foi positivamente correlacionado com o peso e o perímetro torácico dos potros ao nascimento, concordando com estudos prévios (1,4,8,9,17,20,30,31) . O peso médio total dos anexos fetais correspondeu a 10,76% do peso médio dos recém-nascidos.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Pluriparidade Nas Éguas: Relação Com Características Maternas, Placentárias E Neonatais

et al. 2017

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ResumoA placenta é o órgão de ligação entre a égua e o potro e é um dos principais responsáveis pelo desenvolvimento fetal e pelas características morfométricas do neonato. Essa função se torna cada vez mais importante porque os estudos indicam que as características físicas dos potros predizem o seu desenvolvimento na vida adulta. Desta forma, o objetivo do presente estudo foi correlacionar número de partos (1-5) e características maternas de éguas com as características placentárias e o tamanho do potro. As éguas foram categorizadas em grupos de acordo com o número de partos sendo G1: 1 parto (n=4); G2: 2 partos (n=6); G3: 3 partos (n=7); G4: 4 partos (n=5); e G5: 5 partos (n=3). Como principais resultados obtidos, o perímetro torácico e o peso da égua pré-e pós-parto influenciaram positivamente peso (p=0,004/ R= 0,51; p=0,002/ R= 0,55; p=0,01/ R= 0,43), altura (p=0,0005/ R= 0,60; p=0,001/ R= 0,57; p=0,005/ R= 0,50) e perímetro torácico (p=0,0001/ R= 0,65; p≤0,0001/ R= 0,71; p=0,0002/ R= 0,64) dos potros ao nascimento. Éguas com maior peso corporal no pré-parto apresentaram maior peso placentário (p=0,01/R= 0,45) e pariram potros mais pesados (p=0,003/ R= 0,52) com maior perímetro torácico (p=0,01/ R= 0,45). Os neonatos de éguas do G4 foram os mais pesados, indicando que provavelmente o maior tamanho uterino em éguas pluríparas permita uma maior cobertura placentária, maior área de contato materno fetal e provavelmente maior aporte de nutrientes ao feto. Palavras-chave: equino; gestação; membrana corioalantóide; parto. AbstractThe placenta connects the mare and the foal and it is one of the main organs responsible for fetal

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Pluriparidade Nas Éguas: Relação Com Características Maternas, Placentárias E Neonatais

et al. 2017

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“…Foals from primiparous mares remain smaller until at least one year of age and lighter until 4 months of age in most studies (Pool-Anderson et al 1994;Cymbaluk and Laarveld 1996;Fernandes et al 2014;Meirelles et al 2017), except in one study (Robles et al 2019).…”

Section: Fetal and Foal Development (Table 7)mentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Maternal age has been demonstrated to affect foal morphology: both youngest and oldest dams produce lighter and smaller foals at birth and until 510 days of age (Hintz et al 1979). Without considering extreme age ranges, the birth foal weight appears to increase with maternal age although this association is mainly due to mare parity (Elliott et al 2009;Fernandes et al 2014;Meirelles et al 2017;Malinska et al 2019). In almost all previously cited studies, younger mares are primiparous while older are multiparous.…”

Section: Fetal and Foal Development (Table 7)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter?

Derisoud

Auclair-Ronzaud

Palmer

et al. 2021

Reprod. Fertil. Dev.

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Although puberty can occur as early as 14–15months of age, depending on breed and use, the reproductive career of mares may continue to advanced ages. Once mares are used as broodmares, they will usually produce foals once a year until they become unfertile, and their productivity can be enhanced and/or prolonged through embryo technologies. There is a general consensus that old mares are less fertile, but maternal age and parity are confounding factors because nulliparous mares are usually younger and older mares are multiparous in most studies. This review shows that age critically affects cyclicity, folliculogenesis, oocyte and embryo quality as well as presence of oviductal masses and uterine tract function. Maternal parity has a non-linear effect. Primiparity has a major influence on placental and foal development, with smaller foals at the first gestation that remain smaller postnatally. After the first gestation, endometrial quality and uterine clearance capacities decline progressively with increasing parity and age, whilst placental and foal birthweight and milk production increase. These combined effects should be carefully balanced when breeding mares, in particular when choosing and caring for recipients and their foals.

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“…In horses, maternal parity defined as the number of gestations that produced a viable fetus (live or stillborn foal), is one of the main factors affecting the foal intra-uterine development. Indeed, foals born to primiparous mares (mares that have not foaled before) are lighter and smaller at birth and remain smaller until 18 months and lighter until 4 month of age compared to controls born to multiparous dams [3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Their insulin sensitivity is higher than that of foals born to multiparous mares, and these data suggest that the normal decrease in insulin sensitivity observed in relation with foal age is delayed [13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nulliparity affects the expression of a limited number of genes and pathways in Day 8 equine embryos

Derisoud

Jouneau

Archilla

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Nulliparous mares produce lighter and smaller foals compared to mares having previously foaled, with effects observed at least until 4 months of age. The need for a first gestation priming for the uterus to reach its full capacity has been proposed to explain this observation. Embryo developmental defects could be hypothesized but effects of maternal parity on the embryo have only been described once, in old mares, thus combining effects of parity and old age. The aim of this study was to determine effects of mare parity on embryo gene expression. Day-8 post ovulation blastocysts were collected from young (5/6 years old) nulliparous (YN, N=6) or multiparous (YM, N=4) non-nursing Saddlebred mares, inseminated with the semen of one stallion. Pure (TE_part) or inner-cell-mass-enriched (ICMandTE) trophoblast were obtained by embryo bisection for RNA sequencing (paired end, non-oriented, Illumina, NextSeq500). Deconvolution was performed on the ICMandTE dataset. Differential expression, with embryo sex and diameter as cofactors and gene set enrichment analysis (GO BP, KEGG, REACTOME databases) were performed using a false discovery rate <0.05 cutoff. Only a few genes were altered (ICM: n=18; TE: n=6) but several gene sets were perturbed (ICM: n=62; TE: n=50) by maternal parity. In YM, only pathways related to transcription, RNA processing and vesicle transport functions were enriched in the ICM whereas only pathways related to RNA localization were enriched in TE. In YN, while only gene sets related to ribosomes and extracellular matrix were enriched in the ICM, functions related to energy and lipid metabolism, lipid transport and interleukin-1 signaling were enriched in the TE. In conclusion, several genes and pathways are affected in embryos collected from nulliparous mares, with different effects on TE and ICM. Embryo development is altered in nulliparous mares, which could partially explain the term phenotype. Whether differences in gene expression result/induce poor embryo-maternal communication remains to be determined.

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Which paternal, maternal and placental parameters influence foal size and vitality?

Cited by 8 publications

References 5 publications

Pluriparidade Nas Éguas: Relação Com Características Maternas, Placentárias E Neonatais

Pluriparidade Nas Éguas: Relação Com Características Maternas, Placentárias E Neonatais

Female age and parity in horses: how and why does it matter?

Nulliparity affects the expression of a limited number of genes and pathways in Day 8 equine embryos

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