Which households are energy insecure? An empirical analysis of race, housing conditions, and energy burdens in the United States

Localized energy burden, concentrated disadvantage, and the feminization of energy poverty

“…Thus, it is not enough to examine a county solely within itself, as the characteristics of nearby counties form a larger region that also has an effect on the energy burden it faces. This relationship also affirms other scholars' findings of the need for attention to how social processes are spatialized (Mashhoodi et al, 2019;Robinson et al, 2019) as well as more refined geographic data on utility providers, which often stretch across multiple counties, as regions needing greater consideration (Brown et al, 2020;Graff et al, 2021).…”

The persistence of household energy insecurity during the COVID-19 pandemic

“…The principal aim of the survey was to measure and explain household energy insecurity. Consistent with recent studies [13][14][15] and other surveys, we included several main indicators of energy insecurity: (a) inability to pay an energy bill; (b) receipt of a shutoff or service termination notice; and (c) actual disconnection from service. For each indicator, we asked respondents to report in which month it occurred alongside a set of questions about what they did in response.…”

“…In recent years, scholarship has also increasingly focused on energy insecurity and poverty, or the inability of a household to meet its basic energy needs because of financial hardship [8][9][10][11][12]. In the U.S. context, research has established that household energy insecurity is prevalent, particularly among vulnerable population segments [13][14][15]. Research further shows that high financial energy burdens increase the risks of poverty [10], and that energy insecurity can have detrimental consequences for well-being, including adverse physical and mental health effects [16][17][18][19][20].…”

Smart energy systems beyond the age of COVID-19: Towards a new order of monitoring, disciplining and sanctioning energy behavior?

“…Questions of discrimination also play a non-negligible role in connection with data privacy; for example, if the exclusion is the consequence [ 167 ]. In the United States, it has been shown that households of color experience energy insecurity at higher rates than white households [ 168 ].…”