Which Healthy Eating Nudges Work Best? A Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments

Cadario, Romain; Chandon, Pierre

doi:10.1287/mksc.2018.1128

Cited by 309 publications

(255 citation statements)

References 167 publications

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“…A red bar indicated carbon emissions in the relatively high range, and a green bar indicated carbon emissions in the relatively low range. Traffic light colours increase the effectiveness of carbon labels (Thøgersen & Nielsen, 2016) because they are commonly understood (Berry et al, 2008;R€ o€ os & Tj€ arnemo, 2011) and help consumers categorize food options (Cadario & Chandon, 2017).…”

Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon labels on restaurant menus: do people pay attention to them?

Babakhani

Lee

Dolničar

2019

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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This empirical study explores visual attention to carbon labels on restaurant menus. Carbon labels can support consumers in making deliberate low-carbon menu choices if, and only if, consumers pay attention to such labels. Using eye-tracking, we investigate how much attention consumers pay to carbon labels. We also compare how much attention they pay to carbon labels compared to labels indicating the benefit of each menu item to the local community. Results indicate that both carbon labels and labels communicating local community benefits attract little attention, suggesting that they are insufficient to direct patrons towards ordering low emissions menu items. Directing patrons toward more environmentally friendly menu items could significantly reduce the negative environmental impact of tourism and hospitality. ARTICLE HISTORY

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Section: Stimulimentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon labels on restaurant menus: do people pay attention to them?

Babakhani

Lee

Dolničar

2019

Journal of Sustainable Tourism

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“…Behavior-based interventions may be particularly effective. A recent meta-analysis of healthy eating nudges in field settings found that effect size for what the authors termed "behaviorally oriented" nudges was over three times that of "cognitively oriented" nudges (Cadario & Chandon, 2019). This is another example of how behavior science contributes to the public welfare.…”

Section: Implications Of Behavior Sciencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, some do not see a problem here, positing that perhaps the principle of positive reinforcement discovered through decades of basic research is sufficient for application (Baer, 1981), or that ABA and EAB have speciated as a natural consequence of changing social values (Rider, 1991)-c'est la vie. Others do see a problem and propose various schemes for translational research reminiscent of Bush's (1945) expanded definition of basic research (Critchfield, 2011;Kyonka & Subramaniam, 2018;Mace & Critchfield, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Behavior Science for the Public Welfare

Hantula

2019

Perspect Behav Sci

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Near the end of the Second World War, U.S. president Franklin Roosevelt commissioned Vannevar Bush, a leading scientist and engineer of the 20 th century who directed U.S. government research during the War, to write a report on the future of postwar science and science policy in the United States. The report, Science-The Endless Frontier (Bush, 1945), made bold and sweeping recommendations that set the stage for the current model of federal funding of scientific research, government investment in training and supporting future scientists, and the founding the National Science Foundation. The report not only introduced the term "basic research" into common parlance, it also expanded the definition to refer to both addressing the demands for practical innovations and to promoting scientific curiosity (Pielke, 2010). Bush (1945) asserted that scientific progress was essential to public welfare in the postwar world. Indeed, in the third chapter of the report, "Science for the Public Welfare" he asserted: Basic research leads to new knowledge. It provides scientific capital. It creates the fund from which the practical applications of knowledge must be drawn. New products and new processes do not appear full-grown. They are founded on new principles and new conceptions, which in turn are painstakingly developed by research in the purest realms of science. Bush regarded basic research that informed national defense, employment, developing new products, and science education as contributing to the public welfare. He advocated for a basic research model that simultaneously satisfied the quests for exploration and held implications for application. This view anticipated the societal demands on

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“…The majority of systematic reviews and meta-analyses suggest a small but positive effect of these strategic changes in altering behavior [21][22][23][24]. Since there can be many types of behavioral change interventions, analyses are typically categorized by the type of nudge.…”

Section: The Behavior Change Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These include: cognitive-oriented nudges such as descriptive and evaluative nutritional labelling or visibility enhancements; affective-oriented nudges such as hedonic or preference enhancements or healthy eating calls; and behavior-oriented nudges that influence selection, purchase, and food consumption behaviors by changing convenience (e.g., placement) or properties (e.g., size) of the objects or stimuli (e.g., see the Typology of Interventions in Proximal Physical Micro-Environments (TIPPME) [25]. Cadario and Chandon [22] conducted a meta-analysis of nudges and found that the type of nudge that showed the largest effect was behavior-oriented nudges (such as convenience or size enhancements), followed by affective-oriented nudges (such as hedonic enhancements and healthy eating calls). The least effective nudges were cognitive-oriented interventions (such as descriptive nutritional labeling, evaluative nutritional labeling, and visibility enhancements).…”

Section: The Behavior Change Solutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nudge interventions to reduce fish sauce consumption in Thailand

et al. 2020

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High sodium consumption is one of the four major risk factors contributing to non-communicable diseases around the world. Thailand has one of the highest rates of sodium consumption, with fish sauce being one of the main sources. The aim of this study was to examine whether changes in the micro-environment factors can affect fish sauce consumption behavior in a university setting in Thailand. We implemented four interventions (with one control) in five canteens across a Thai university. The study design was a Latin square, where the five canteens were randomized over five weeks to implement four interventions plus a control. Our interventions included behavior-oriented, cognitive-oriented, and affective-oriented nudges aimed to reduce the amount of fish sauce people add to their noodles during lunchtime at the university canteens. Results indicate that a simple change in how fish sauce was served can reduce fish sauce consumption. Serving fish sauce in a bowl with a spoon reduced the amount of fish sauce used per noodle bowl by 0.25 grams, compared to the normal condition where fish sauce is served in a bottle. Using a specially-designed spoon with a hole induced a larger reduction of 0.58 grams of fish sauce used per bowl. The other two interventions, cognitive-and affective-oriented nudges, also showed reductions of fish sauce usage, but the differences were not statistically significant. The findings can be used for policy implementation to advocate the use of a smaller sized spoon and a bowl to serve fish sauce instead of a bottle to reduce sodium consumption among Thai people.

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Which Healthy Eating Nudges Work Best? A Meta-Analysis of Field Experiments

Abstract: The effectiveness of healthy eating nudges in field settings increases as they shift from focusing on influencing cognition to affect to behavior.

Cited by 309 publications

References 167 publications

Carbon labels on restaurant menus: do people pay attention to them?

Carbon labels on restaurant menus: do people pay attention to them?

Editorial: Behavior Science for the Public Welfare

Nudge interventions to reduce fish sauce consumption in Thailand

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