Which drivers are at risk? Factors that determine the profile of the reoffender driver

Padilla, José‐Luis; Doncel, Pablo; Gugliotta, Andrés; Castro, Cándida

doi:10.1016/j.aap.2018.07.021

Cited by 37 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 52 publications

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“…Moreover, marital status seems to be another relevant variable to be considered in future research. Offender drivers have been reported to be predominantly young or slightly older single (or divorced) males [ 129 , 130 ]. A more thorough investigation into the mediating effect of marital status could help understand the mixed results in relation to gender.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender

Ventsislavova

García-Fernández

Castro

2021

IJERPH

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Young novice drivers are more prone than older drivers to get involved in a risky driving situation. Some young drivers underestimate risk while overestimating their driving abilities, increasing the likelihood of engaging in risky behaviour. Age and inexperience both influence risk estimation, though it is not clear which of these variables is more important. Can drivers’ willingness to engage in risky behaviour be assessed in a similar way to hazard perception skill using video-based risky situations? The aim of the current study was to assess whether a video-based tool could measure the willingness to participate in risky driving situations and whether it can distinguish between different types of risky driving scenarios across gender and driver age groups. We also explored the moderating effect of age and gender on drivers’ experience in relation to the risky manoeuvres and participants’ willingness to engage in risky situations. Participants were presented with naturalistic videos from the perspective of the driver that contained active risky situations (result of driver’s own actions) and were asked to make a decision regarding a potential action (to overtake a bus/bicycle or pass through an amber light) and whether they would accelerate at this point. Participants reported that they were more willing to accelerate and overtake cyclists and buses and less willing to pass a light in amber. Young drivers were more willing to both engage in the risky behaviours and accelerate than older drivers, with young males reporting higher scores than the other groups. Gender differences were observed, with males being more prone to overtake and pass through a light in amber than females; however, this difference was not observed for the intention to accelerate. All the above effects remained when we tested the impact of experience on decision making while controlling for age and gender, although driving experience was no longer significant. These results demonstrate that drivers’ intention to assume risk can indeed be measured in a similar video-based methodology to that used by hazard perception tests. The findings raise the possibility of assessing and training drivers on a wider range of safety-related behaviours.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender

Ventsislavova

García-Fernández

Castro

2021

IJERPH

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“…[30][31][32] Specifically, a greater risk acceptance is related to personality traits such as sensationseeking, 33 aggression and extroversion, as well as low levels of altruism and low levels of aversion to risk; 31,32,34 under-estimation of risk and greater sensitivity to reinforcement. 35 Regarding driving experience, those drivers with greater experience are likely to have encountered many risks and had several opportunities to calibrate their own skill against their risk appraisals. Young and inexperienced drivers have had fewer opportunities to calibrate their risk-skill relationship and tend to perceive situations on the road as less hazardous while also overestimating their skills.…”

Section: Taking Risky Decisions In Drivingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risky Decision-Making and Hazard Prediction are Negatively Related and Could Be Assessed Independently Using Driving Footage

Castro

Ventsislavova

García-Fernández

2021

PRBM

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Introduction: Traffic collisions are a principal cause of death in Europe, disproportionately affecting young drivers. Driving safety depends not only on our ability to anticipate and respond to dangers on the road but also on the level of risk we are willing to engage within our own driving behaviour. Methods: Hazard prediction (HPr) and risky decision-making (RDM) tests were given to three groups of young Spaniards (169 participants): 54 non-drivers (M=20), 65 novice (M=21) and, 50 experienced drivers (M=26 years old). Both tests presented participants with video clips of driving recorded from the driver's perspective. The HPr test contained hazardous situations caused by the actions of another road user (eg, a pedestrian crossing the road). Each HPr clip was occluded as a hazard began to unfold and participants were asked to predict "what happens next?" They selected their answer from four on-screen options. The RDM test used clips where any imminent danger would be provoked by the film-car driver's risky behaviour (eg, overtaking illegally). Participants were asked to report the probability of following certain types of risky behaviour (eg, "Would you go forward with the lights on amber?" or "Would you overtake the cyclist/lorry/bus at this point?"). In addition, the effect of the locality of the driving scenarios was manipulated: they could take place in the participant's native country (Spain) or in a different country (UK). Results: Non-drivers and novice drivers were less able to predict upcoming hazards and more likely to make risky decisions. Driving scenarios from another country (UK) provoked riskier decisions than those from the participants' home country (Spain). Conclusion: Improvement in HPr skills among novice or new drivers poses a huge challenge as far as driver training is concerned, though it is only part of the solution. Young inexperienced drivers' willingness to engage in risky behaviour also needs to be tackled. Our results suggest that such RDM can be assessed in a similar way to HPr skill, using a naturalistic approach, which raises the possibility of assessing and training drivers on a wider range of safety-related behaviours.

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“…In Spain, different studies have been carried out with drivers, who have lost their driving licences [68][69][70][71]. Del Valle et al in different studies [72][73][74], have compared the profiles of offender drivers with non-offender drivers.…”

Section: Offender Drivers Profilementioning

confidence: 99%

Cognitive Profile of Optimistic Offender Drivers Affected by Psychological Interventions for a Sustainable and Safer Driving’s Behavior

Valle¹,

Scharifi²

2021

Models and Technologies for Smart, Sustainable and Safe Transportation Systems

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An empirically verified fact is that the majority of traffic accidents occur as a result of risky behaviours that drivers assume, more or less, voluntarily. Drivers are not aware of the perception of risk and the subjective perception of control that we believe we have. We have delimitated the characteristics of a group of optimistic offender drivers, which reveal, on the hand, a great lack of understanding of the true impact that external factors can have on driving and; on the other hand, they tend to overestimate their abilities and overconfident in their ability to avoid accidents. In addition, these drivers do not usually experience negative emotions when they fail. All this, together is what increases the probability of suffering an accident. The consideration of the different cognitive profiles in the perception of the risk or challenge when facing potential traffic situations may provide us with a better understanding of the true nature of offending drivers. The need to carry out experimental studies using new assessment instruments (i.e. Eye tracking, Bio-Feedback, evoked potentials, etc.) can facilitate a better understanding of the cognitive processes that explain the attitudes and behaviors of drivers; and therefore, achieve a lower rate of car accidents.

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Which drivers are at risk? Factors that determine the profile of the reoffender driver

Cited by 37 publications

References 52 publications

Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender

Assessing Willingness to Engage in Risky Driving Behaviour Using Naturalistic Driving Footage: The Role of Age and Gender

Risky Decision-Making and Hazard Prediction are Negatively Related and Could Be Assessed Independently Using Driving Footage

Cognitive Profile of Optimistic Offender Drivers Affected by Psychological Interventions for a Sustainable and Safer Driving’s Behavior

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