Which attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder children will be improved through neurofeedback therapy? A graph theoretical approach to neocortex neuronal network of ADHD

Ahmadlou, Mehran; Rostami, Reza; Sadeghi, Vahid

doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2012.03.087

Cited by 22 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Such an architecture enables a balance between local and global structural characteristics and thus an optimal balance between segregation and integration, which is essential for high synchronicity and fast information transmission in a complex network [300]. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and motor secondary symptoms as indicators of brain vulnerability

Levit‐Binnun

Davidovitch

Golland

2013

J Neurodevelop Disord

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In addition to the primary symptoms that distinguish one disorder from the next, clinicians have identified, yet largely overlooked, another set of symptoms that appear across many disorders, termed secondary symptoms. In the emerging era of systems neuroscience, which highlights that many disorders share common deficits in global network features, the nonspecific nature of secondary symptoms should attract attention. Herein we provide a scholarly review of the literature on a subset of secondary symptoms––sensory and motor. We demonstrate that their pattern of appearance––across a wide range of psychopathologies, much before the full-blown disorder appears, and in healthy individuals who display a variety of negative symptoms––resembles the pattern of appearance of network abnormalities. We propose that sensory and motor secondary symptoms can be important indicators of underlying network aberrations and thus of vulnerable brain states putting individuals at risk for psychopathology following extreme circumstances.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sensory and motor secondary symptoms as indicators of brain vulnerability

Levit‐Binnun

Davidovitch

Golland

2013

J Neurodevelop Disord

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“…Longitudinal investigation of how the potential trajectory of early overgrowth and declined growth of brain volume later in life is related to abnormal development of functional brain networks in subjects with autism is of great importance. It would add to our understanding of how structural and functional brain development contribute to the expression of autism and might serve as a coarse template for understanding developmental aspects of other neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases that have been associated with altered brain efficiency previously (Ahmadlou et al, 2012;Basset and Bullmore, 2009;Kramer and Cash, 2012;Liu et al, 2012;van den Heuvel et al, 2010). Since it has been shown that brain network organizations are under genetic control in adults (Fornito et al, 2011;Smit et al, 2008Smit et al, , 2010 and children (van den Heuvel et al, 2012), graph analytical metrics of the efficiency of the organization of the brain's network might be important intermediate phenotypes for molecular-genetic studies in autism.…”

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confidence: 99%

Disrupted Functional Brain Networks in Autistic Toddlers

et al. 2013

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Communication and integration of information between brain regions plays a key role in healthy brain function. Conversely, disruption in brain communication may lead to cognitive and behavioral problems. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder that is characterized by impaired social interactions and aberrant basic information processing. Aberrant brain connectivity patterns have indeed been hypothesized to be a key neural underpinning of autism. In this study, graph analytical tools are used to explore the possible deviant functional brain network organization in autism at a very early stage of brain development. Electroencephalography (EEG) recordings in 12 toddlers with autism (mean age 3.5 years) and 19 control subjects were used to assess interregional functional brain connectivity, with functional brain networks constructed at the level of temporal synchronization between brain regions underlying the EEG electrodes. Children with autism showed a significantly increased normalized path length and reduced normalized clustering, suggesting a reduced global communication capacity already during early brain development. In addition, whole brain connectivity was found to be significantly reduced in these young patients suggesting an overall under-connectivity of functional brain networks in autism. Our findings support the hypothesis of abnormal neural communication in autism, with deviating effects already present at the early stages of brain development.

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“…In a parallel study [46], these authors compared the SL with the FSL and found that FSL discriminated ADHD from controls better than the non-fuzzy version. Later, the same research group [47,62] conducted two further studies; in the first [47], they calculated the matrix of FSL values for all possible pairs of channels and then used it to estimate the characteristics of the FC network using graph theoretic-measures. They found that network segregation, as assessed by the clustering index C, was higher in ADHD in the delta band, while network integration, as assessed by the average shortest path length (L) was lower in the same band, thereby suggesting that the small-world character [63] of the FC brain network of ADHD subjects is enhanced in this band, compared to control subjects.…”

Section: Results From the Nonlinear Analysis And Complex Network Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, increased small-worldness in low frequency bands is a trademark of different neurological pathologies [23]. In the second work [62], the researchers assessed the differences in FSL before and after neurofeedback treatment in a group of ADHD subjects with positive response to treatment and in another group of subjects without response; they found that the former group presented a greater reduction in beta band synchronization compared to that of the group without changes.…”

Section: Results From the Nonlinear Analysis And Complex Network Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%