Whey Protein Supplementation During Resistance Training Augments Lean Body Mass

Volek, Jeff S.; Volk, Brittanie M.; Gómez, Ana L.; Kunces, Laura J.; Kupchak, Brian R.; Freidenreich, Daniel J.; Aristizábal, Juan Carlos; Sáenz, Catherine; Dunn‐Lewis, Courtenay; Ballard, Kevin D.; Quann, Erin E.; Kawiecki, Diana; Flanagan, Shawn D.; Comstock, Brett A.; Fragala, Maren S.; Earp, Jacob E.; Fernández, María Luz; Bruno, Richard S.; Ptolemy, Adam S.; Kellogg, Mark D.; Maresh, Carl M.; Kraemer, William J.

doi:10.1080/07315724.2013.793580

Cited by 147 publications

(183 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…In the present study, we provided milk proteins as the source of dietary nitrogen in the postexercise beverages given that they are complete, high-quality proteins that are generally associated with greater muscle remodeling and recovery after exercise in adults (32). For example, studies in adults have revealed that milk and associated dairy-based proteins (especially whey) support greater rates of muscle protein synthesis and net protein balance after exercise compared with plantbased proteins such as soy (38,46), which can ultimately translate into greater training-induced gains in muscle and lean body mass (20,44). The greater anabolic effect of dairy compared with soy protein in adults occurs despite these sources having similarly high [albeit artificially truncated (37)] protein quality ratings according to the protein digestibilitycorrected amino acid score (32).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Moore

Volterman

Obeid

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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Moore DR, Volterman KA, Obeid J, Offord EA, Timmons BW. Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children. J Appl Physiol 117: 1493-1501, 2014. First published October 23, 2014 doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00224.2014.-Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body and muscle protein anabolism in adults. No study has specifically investigated the combined effects of exercise and protein ingestion on protein metabolism in healthy, physically active children. Under 24-h dietary control, 13 (seven males, six females) active children (ϳ11 yr old; 39.3 Ϯ 5.9 kg) consumed an oral dose of [ 15 N]glycine prior to performing a bout of exercise. Immediately after exercise, participants consumed isoenergetic mixed macronutrient beverages containing a variable amount of protein [0, 0.75, and 1.5 g/100 ml for control (CON), low protein (LP), and high protein (HP), respectively] according to fluid losses. Whole body nitrogen turnover (Q), protein synthesis (S), protein breakdown (B), and protein balance (WBPB) were measured throughout exercise and the early acute recovery period (9 h combined) as well as over 24 h. Postexercise protein intake from the beverage was ϳ0.18 and ϳ0.32 g/kg body mass for LP and HP, respectively. Q, S, and B were significantly greater (main effect time, all P Ͻ 0.001) over 9 h compared with 24 h with no differences between conditions. WBPB was also greater over 9 h compared with 24 h in all conditions (main effect time, P Ͻ 0.001). Over 9 h, WBPB was greater in HP (P Ͻ 0.05) than LP and CON with a trend (P ϭ 0.075) toward LP being greater than CON. WBPB was positive over 9 h for all conditions but only over 24 h for HP. Postexercise protein ingestion acutely increases net protein balance in healthy children early in recovery in a dose-dependent manner with larger protein intakes (ϳ0.32 g/kg) required to sustain a net anabolic environment over an entire 24 h period. protein synthesis; lean body mass; youth; physical activity; protein requirements PHYSICAL ACTIVITY is an essential component for the optimal growth and development of the musculoskeletal system in children. Greater levels of physical activity, especially those which are weight bearing and of higher intensity, have been associated with higher bone mineral density, lean mass, and strength in children (5,18,43). The net gain in lean mass with physical activity would require alterations in whole body protein turnover that would favor the net synthesis of body proteins, or, in other words, protein synthesis would be chronically elevated above protein breakdown.Despite the important role physical activity plays in remodeling lean tissues and enhancing lean body mass, few studies have determined the impact of specific episodes of exercise on protein metabolism in children. Whole body protein metabolism is characterized by the continuous turnover and renewal of body proteins through the simultaneous processes of protein synthesis and protein breakdown. Interestingly, previous research by the Rodriguez l...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Moore

Volterman

Obeid

et al. 2014

Journal of Applied Physiology

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“…Protein ingested soon after a resistance training session amplifies the resulting increase in muscle protein synthesis; the anabolic signal imparted by the exercise session is potentiated by leucine-mediated mTORC1 activation (Esmarck et al 2001;Breen and Phillips 2012;Burd et al 2012;Volek et al 2013). Hence, postexercise supplementation with 2-3 g of leucine (or ingestion of an equivalent amount from leucine-rich protein, such as whey), along with some carbohydrate to further enhance mTORC1 activity (via insulin), may have potential as an adjuvant to resistance training for prevention of sarcopenia.…”

Section: Dietary Leucine Promotes Anabolism By Stimulating Mtorc1 Actmentioning

confidence: 99%

An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly

McCarty

DiNicolantonio

2015

AGE

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Restricted dietary intakes of protein or essential amino acids tend to slow aging and boost lifespan in rodents, presumably because they downregulate IGF-I/ Akt/mTORC1 signaling that acts as a pacesetter for aging and promotes cancer induction. A recent analysis of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) III cohort has revealed that relatively low protein intakes in mid-life (under 10 % of calories) are indeed associated with decreased subsequent risk for mortality. However, in those over 65 at baseline, such low protein intakes were associated with increased risk for mortality. This finding accords well with other epidemiology correlating relatively high protein intakes with lower risk for loss of lean mass and bone density in the elderly.

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“…Intervention with the hydrolysed whey protein resulted in significant reduction in the muscle damage markers (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) (Lollo et al 2014). Muscle mass growth by daily consumption of whey protein was compared with that of soy protein, using a randomized study on subjects undergoing resistance exercise (Volek et al 2013). Lean body mass gains were significantly high in whey protein than soy protein group and the remarkable response was correlated with the elevated levels of leucine and faster absorption.…”

Section: Resistance Exercise and Muscle Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives

Patel

2015

J Food Sci Technol

126

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The looming food insecurity demands the utilization of nutrient-rich residues from food industries as valueadded products. Whey, a dairy industry waste has been characterized to be excellent nourishment with an array of bioactive components. Whey protein comprises 20 % of total milk protein and it is rich in branched and essential amino acids, functional peptides, antioxidants and immunoglobulins. It confers benefits against a wide range of metabolic diseases such as cardiovascular complications, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cancer and phenylketonuria. The protein has been validated to boost recovery from resistance exercise-injuries, stimulate gut physiology and protect skin against detrimental radiations. Apart from health invigoration, whey protein has proved its suitability as fat replacer and emulsifier. Further, its edible and antimicrobial packaging potential renders its highly desirable in food as well as pharmaceutical sectors. Considering the enormous nutraceutical worth of whey protein, this review emphasizes on its established and emerging biological roles. Present and future scopes in food processing and dietary supplement formulation are discussed. Associated hurdles are identified and how technical advancement might augment its applications are explored. This review is expected to provide valuable insight on whey protein-fortified functional foods, associated technical hurdles and scopes of improvement.

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Whey Protein Supplementation During Resistance Training Augments Lean Body Mass

Cited by 147 publications

References 27 publications

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

Postexercise protein ingestion increases whole body net protein balance in healthy children

An increased need for dietary cysteine in support of glutathione synthesis may underlie the increased risk for mortality associated with low protein intake in the elderly

Emerging trends in nutraceutical applications of whey protein and its derivatives

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