Whey Protein Isolate Coated Liposomes as Novel Carrier Systems for Astaxanthin

Abstract

In this work, whey protein isolate (WPI)‐coated astaxanthin‐loaded liposomes are prepared by combining the fabrication of liposomes with the layer self‐assembly deposition technique. The physical properties of such composite carriers are evaluated by zeta potential, particle size, distribution, encapsulation efficiency, and morphology. WPI‐ coated astaxanthin‐loaded liposomes display homodisperse distribution and high encapsulation efficiency with a WPI coating layer surrounding the surface of conventional liposomes by the electrostatic interaction. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffraction analysis reveal that WPI interacts with the lipid bilayer via hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonding, which result in the successful coating. Based on experimental results of differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetric analysis, it is demonstrated that thermal stability of astaxanthin‐loaded liposomes benefits from the formation of surface modification of the WPI‐layer. In addition, the physical stability of WPI‐coated astaxanthin‐loaded liposomes under heating and light is significantly improved as compared with uncoated liposomes. This research might provide scientific guidance for the development of WPI‐coated liposomes as efficient carrier systems for bioactive substances in food and pharmaceutical industry. Practical Applications: To improve lipid membrane stability and to prevent the leakage of encapsulated astaxanthin, a novel carrier system based on WPI coated on the surface of liposomes is prepared through the layer self‐assembly deposition technique. This research suggests that WPI‐coated liposomes represent an effective and stable delivery system for astaxanthin. WPI‐coated liposomes could be developed as efficient carrier systems for bioactive compounds in the food and pharmaceutical industries.

Effect of ultrasound on the structural characteristics and oxidative stability of walnut oil oleogel coated with soy protein isolate-phosphatidylserine

“…The affinity between phospholipids and oil can be used to form a protective layer on the surface of oleogels. However, a single phospholipid layer as an external structure may have degradation, aggregation, fusion and leakage of core materials problems, which will adversely affect the oleogels [17] .…”

Recent Advances in Astaxanthin Micro/Nanoencapsulation to Improve Its Stability and Functionality as a Food Ingredient

“…Although high stability would be desirable in any case, it is especially relevant in the case of ingredients that need to be stored for long periods before use or if they are to be applied to foods in which degradation boosting (low pH, thermal treatments, presence of oxygen) or strong interactions with matrix components are expected. Multilayer structures—for example, those based on liposomes or oil-in-water emulsions—have shown greater physical stability and astaxanthin protection, as compared with uncoated or monolayer structures [ 51 , 81 , 82 ].…”

“…In this sense, the application of multilayer structures appears as a promising strategy to improve astaxanthin stability. Qiang et al [ 51 ] and Pan et al [ 81 ] developed chitosan, lactoferrin or whey protein isolate-coated liposomes which showed an improvement of physical stability during storage or thermal treatment, reducing leakage and/or the thermal or light-induced degradation of astaxanthin, as compared with uncoated liposomes. Similar results were obtained by Liu et al [ 82 ], who found that multilayer-coated emulsions improved the chemical stability of encapsulated astaxanthin, as well as the aggregation stability of the lipid droplets at elevated ionic strengths and temperatures.…”

Distribution, purification, and delivery of astaxanthin in food system-siftdesk

“…Biocompatibility, sustained-release characteristic, target capacity and the potential to encapsulate hydrophilic and lipophilic components are specific advantages of liposomes [29]. However, liposomes also have certain disadvantages that they are extremely sensitive to the external environment, and unstable which are subjected to degradation, aggregation, fusion, and leakage of core materials.…”