Whey Protein Concentrate Hydrolysate Prevents Bone Loss in Ovariectomized Rats

Abstract

Milk is known as a safe food and contains easily absorbable minerals and proteins, including whey protein, which has demonstrated antiosteoporotic effects on ovariectomized rats. This study evaluated the antiosteoporotic effect of whey protein concentrate hydrolysate (WPCH) digested with fungal protease and whey protein concentrate (WPC). Two experiments were conducted to determine (1) efficacy of WPCH and WPC and (2) dose-dependent impact of WPCH in ovariectomized rats (10 weeks old). In Experiment I, ovariectomized rats (n = 45) were allotted into three dietary treatments of 10 g/kg diet of WPC, 10 g/kg diet of WPCH, and a control diet. In Experiment II, ovariectomized rats (n = 60) were fed four different diets (0, 10, 20, and 40 g/kg of WPCH). In both experiments, sham-operated rats (n = 15) were also fed a control diet containing the same amount of amino acids and minerals as dietary treatments. After 6 weeks, dietary WPCH prevented loss of bone, physical properties, mineral density, and mineral content, and improved breaking strength of femurs, with similar effect to WPC. The bone resorption enzyme activity (tartrate resistance acid phosphatase) in tibia epiphysis decreased in response to WPCH supplementation, while bone formation enzyme activity (alkaline phosphatase) was unaffected by ovariectomy and dietary treatment. Bone properties and strength increased as the dietary WPCH level increased (10 and 20 g/kg), but there was no difference between the 20 and 40 g/kg treatment. WPCH and WPC supplementation ameliorated bone loss induced by ovariectomy in rats.

Lactobacillus‐fermented milk products attenuate bone loss in an experimental rat model of ovariectomy‐induced post‐menopausal primary osteoporosis

“…Ovariectomy in rats closely mimics the post-menopausal state in which endogenous oestrogen levels are significantly decreased and bone fragility is increased as a result of increased bone resorption (Kim et al 2015). Therefore, ovariectomized rats are widely used prior to human trials for osteoporosis treatments due to the similarity in the phenotypic changes observed during postmenopausal state (Egermann et al 2005).…”

The Cooperative Effect of Genistein and Protein Hydrolysates on the Proliferation and Survival of Osteoblastic Cells (hFOB 1.19)

“…They can improve bone metabolism, decrease osteoclast activity [18], and enhance organic substance content of the bone [19]. In addition, several recent studies have revealed the in vivo biological activity of collagen and gelatin peptides to bone health [20,21,22]. Chum salmon skin gelatin hydrolysates can enhance osteoblast proliferation and antagonize NaF-induced osteoblast apoptosis [23].…”

Bone‐protective effects of Lactobacillus plantarum B719‐fermented milk product

“…WPC is known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of pre-osteoblastic MC3T3-E1 cells (Takada et al 1996) and to prevent bone loss in ovariectomised rats (Kim et al 2015). It produces active molecules such as epidermal growth factor, insulin-like growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor that can help stimulate the growth or differentiation of various cells, including bone cells (Kim et al 2015). Additionally, milk protein-derived peptides and casein phosphopeptides are generated during fermentation, which are considered to be the active components of FMPs that can modulate physiological functions (Kim et al 2009).…”

“…WPC is known to enhance the proliferation and differentiation of pre‐osteoblastic MC3T3‐E1 cells (Takada et al 1996) and to prevent bone loss in ovariectomised rats (Kim et al 2015). It produces active molecules such as epidermal growth factor, insulin‐like growth factor, and fibroblast growth factor that can help stimulate the growth or differentiation of various cells, including bone cells (Kim et al 2015).…”