Where to from here? Policy and financing of integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa

Rasanathan, Kumanan; Bakshi, Salina; Rodríguez, Daniela; Oliphant, Nicholas P.; Jacobs, Troy; Brandes, Neal; Young, Mark

doi:10.7189/jogh.04.020304

Cited by 21 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Only a minority of countries reported plans to increase the proportion of funding for CCM from domestic resources and few countries even have an item line for CCM activities in their domestic budgets. Further discussion of this important issue is presented in an accompanying paper [ 17 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In conclusion, this survey shows that much has been achieved in the development of policy and in the implementation of CCM to reduce child deaths in sub–Saharan Africa over the past decade. A major priority overall, discussed elsewhere, is the need to place CHWs and CCM as integral parts of national health systems [ 17 ]. Doing so is key to realizing the potential of CCM but also to addressing some of the information gaps on CCM activities revealed by this survey.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Community case management of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa – findings from a cross–sectional survey on policy and implementation

Rasanathan¹,

Muñiz²,

Bakshi³

et al. 2014

J Glob Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundCommunity case management (CCM) involves training, supporting, and supplying community health workers (CHWs) to assess, classify and manage sick children with limited access to care at health facilities, in their communities. This paper aims to provide an overview of the status in 2013 of CCM policy and implementation in sub–Saharan African countries.MethodsWe undertook a cross–sectional, descriptive, quantitative survey amongst technical officers in Ministries of Health and UNICEF offices in 2013. The survey aim was to describe CCM policy and implementation in 45 countries in sub–Saharan Africa, focusing on: CHW profile, CHW activities, and financing.Results42 countries responded. 35 countries in sub–Saharan Africa reported implementing CCM for diarrhoea, 33 for malaria, 28 for pneumonia, 6 for neonatal sepsis, 31 for malnutrition and 28 for integrated CCM (treatment of 3 conditions: diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia) – an increase since 2010. In 27 countries, volunteers were providing CCM, compared to 14 countries with paid CHWs. User fees persisted for CCM in 6 countries and mark–ups on commodities in 10 countries. Most countries had a national policy, memo or written guidelines for CCM implementation for diarrhoea, malaria and pneumonia, with 20 countries having this for neonatal sepsis. Most countries plan gradual expansion of CCM but many countries’ plans were dependent on development partners. A large group of countries had no plans for CCM for neonatal sepsis.Conclusion28 countries in sub–Saharan Africa now report implementing CCM for pneumonia, diarrhoea and malaria, or “iCCM”. Most countries have developed some sort of written basis for CCM activities, yet the scale of implementation varies widely, so a focus on implementation is now required, including monitoring and evaluation of performance, quality and impact. There is also scope for expansion for newborn care. Key issues include financing and sustainability (with development partners still providing most funding), gaps in data on CCM activities, and the persistence of user fees and mark–ups in several countries. National health management information systems should also incorporate CCM activities.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Community case management of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa – findings from a cross–sectional survey on policy and implementation

Rasanathan¹,

Muñiz²,

Bakshi³

et al. 2014

J Glob Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…For example, engaging “champions” of iCCM (at policy and technical levels) has been difficult in many countries in sub–Saharan Africa [12]. Similarly, the collection and use of routine data for programming as well as collection of financing data on iCCM programmes [5,7,8], ensuring continuous medicine and supplies [6,13], and retention and motivation of trained and remunerated community–based health workers have been challenging [10,11,14].…”

Section: Summary Of “Lessons Learned” For Iccm Programmingmentioning

confidence: 99%

The way forward for integrated community case management programmes: A summary of lessons learned to date and future priorities

Young¹,

Sharkey²,

Aboubaker³

et al. 2014

J Glob Health

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Numerous LMIC employ iCCM guidelines [3,4]. In Nigeria, iCCM is currently being rolled out in two states (i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Starting with small health data opportunities for Mhealth in Africa

Heavin¹,

Connor²

2016

Int. J. DNE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The need to obtain data to understand effective and available child mortality-reducing control measures in rural areas of developing countries is great. Evidence shows that this challenge can potentially be overcome with the increased availability of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to support the data/information/ knowledge needs of healthcare delivery services in low resource settings. Recognising the benefits of ICT and the need for improvements in the Nigerian health sector, this paper outlines the plans for the technical feasibility assessment of the IMPACT (usIng Mobile Phones for Assessing, Classifying and Treating sick children) smartphone application to capture, store and analyse of child health assessment data. IMPACT is a secure, scalable, user friendly mobile health (mHealth) innovation that is being developed to support 'small data' capabilities within the context of healthcare in the community in Enugu State, Nigeria, Africa. Notwithstanding the heightened focus on 'big data' in health, this research is interested in investigating the opportunities associated with doing 'small healthcare data' well, with the long term view of building to the big data scenario for healthcare in the community in Enugu. This paper outlines the plan for the IMPACT project considering the implications for health data, knowledge management in healthcare and the big data opportunities to support disease surveillance, healthcare delivery and resourcing and healthcare practitioner education.

show abstract

Where to from here? Policy and financing of integrated community case management (iCCM) of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa

Cited by 21 publications

References 18 publications

Community case management of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa – findings from a cross–sectional survey on policy and implementation

Community case management of childhood illness in sub–Saharan Africa – findings from a cross–sectional survey on policy and implementation

The way forward for integrated community case management programmes: A summary of lessons learned to date and future priorities

Starting with small health data opportunities for Mhealth in Africa

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About