Where to find facial artery perforators: A reference point

Abstract

SUMMARYReconstructive surgery of the midface using facial artery perforator (FAP) flaps is being used more frequently now as it has been reported to provide better aesthetic results and reduce a

Angular artery perforator‐based transposition flap for the reconstruction of midface defect

“…According to a cadaveric study by Ng et al. , 2 there are multiple facial artery perforators along the facial artery, a mean of four perforators per hemiface (range, 2–8). The mean diameters of the perforators were 0.94 mm (range, 0.53–1.36 mm).…”

“…Beyond 60 mm, the number of perforators decreased. However, in reality, the distribution of perforators will be much more compact as the facial artery has a tortuous course 2 . Hence, application of a perforator flap or perforator‐based flap for the reconstruction of the midface area is available.…”

“…Recently, the literature has mentioned the perforator flap, which reduces the sacrifice of donor structure, provides reliable blood supply, and enables a well‐customized flap with wide option for the design 2–4 . Even with a single perforator, it has been shown to supply a large area of tissue with a reliable blood supply.…”

Nasolabial propeller perforator flap: Anatomical study and case series

“…Since the propeller concept for flap design was first described, it has broadened freedom in flap design to help reconstruction surgeons achieve both functional and cosmetic goals. Herein, we describe an anatomical study in a Colombian population to validate (by use of cadavers) the previous vascular anatomy descriptions of the facial artery perforator in the worldwide literature, and we report on seven clinical cases.…”

The Versatile Facial Artery Perforator-Based Nasolabial Flap in Midface Reconstruction

“…Studies have shown that a single perforator can nourish a wide tissue area. [2][3][4] In this study, we present the application of facial artery perforator-based nasolabial flaps in various areas of the face and the obtained results.…”