Where pseudo-hallucinations meet dissociation: a cluster analysis

Wearne, Deborah; Curtis, Guy J.; Genetti, Amanda; Samuel, Mathew; Sebastian, Justin C.

doi:10.1177/1039856217695706

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Indeed, prior research has demonstrated a strong correlation in veterans with PTSD between hearing voices and other dissociative experiences both in the present and at the time the traumatic event occurred ( Brewin & Patel, 2010 ). Wearne, Curtis, Genetti, Samuel, and Sebastian (2017) also showed that dissociative experiences (including depersonalisation and derealisation) were a better predictor of AVHs than a diagnosis of PTSD. Both theory and prior research therefore suggest that the experience of AVHs in PTSD may be better understood as a dissociative experience and thus conceptualised as ‘pseudohallucinations’ and we shall use this term for the rest of the current article.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For those experiencing civilian PTSD this raises the question of whether particular types of trauma exposure or trauma history are more or less likely to be associated with the experience of pseudo-hallucinations, as we know that dissociation is differentially associated with particular profiles of trauma exposure ( Briere, 2006 ). The experience of childhood sexual abuse, has been established as a predictor of pseudohallucinations in samples both with and without psychosis ( Hammersley & Fox, 2006 ; McCarthy-Jones, 2011 ; Read, McGregor, Coggan, & Thomas, 2006 ; Wearne et al, 2017 ), although the properties of the voices in these populations do not appear to differ between those with and without CSA (e.g. Offen, Waller, & Thomas, 2003 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Clifford

Dalgleish

Hitchcock

2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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Auditory Verbal Hallucinations (AVHs) are commonly associated with psychosis but are also reported in post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Hearing voices after the experience of stress has been conceptualised as a dissociative experience. Brewin and Patel’s (2010) seminal study reported that hearing voices is relatively common in PTSD, as hearing voices was associated with PTSD in half and two thirds of military veterans and survivors of civilian trauma, respectively. The authors conceptualised these voices as “auditory pseudohallucinations.” To build upon this work, we administered Brewin and Patel's’ interview to adult survivors (n = 40) of physical and sexual trauma with chronic PTSD, and healthy controls (n = 39). In contrast to previous findings, only 5% (n = 2) of our PTSD sample reported recently hearing a voice that was consistent with an auditory pseudohallucination, with no reports in our control group. Thus, no support was provided for auditory pseudohallucinations as a significant symptom in this population.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Clifford

Dalgleish

Hitchcock

2018

Behaviour Research and Therapy

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“…The High severity class exhibited an increased rate of comorbid schizophrenia, which aligns with their increased reporting of hallucinations (Longden et al, 2020; Perona‐Garcelan et al, 2012; Varese et al, 2012) and with the high frequency of dissociative symptoms in schizophrenia (O'Driscoll et al, 2014). There is also a documented relationship between dissociation and a history of trauma in schizophrenia spectrum disorders (Renard et al, 2017) wherein patients with PTSD and schizophrenia with a history of trauma exhibited significantly higher dissociative symptoms as compared to schizophrenic patients with no trauma history (Wearne et al, 2017). The High depersonalization class was characterized by a higher rate of comorbid bipolar disorder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Symptom variability in depersonalization–derealization disorder: A latent profile analysis

et al. 2021

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Objective Depersonalization–derealization disorder (DDD) is characterized by diverse symptomatology overlapping with anxiety and dissociative disorders, but the sources of this variability are poorly understood. This study aims to determine whether symptom heterogeneity is attributable to the presence of latent subgroups. Method We applied latent profile analysis to psychometric measures of anxiety, depersonalization–derealization, and dissociation in 303 DDD patients. Results The analysis yielded evidence for five discrete subgroups: three of varying severity levels and two moderate‐to‐severe classes characterized by differential dissociative symptoms. The five classes reliably differed on several nondissociative symptoms, comorbidities, and factors precipitating their diagnosis but did not significantly differ in other symptoms including anxiety. Conclusion These results suggest the presence of three distinct DDD subtypes in the upper severity range that are distinguished by differential expression of detachment and compartmentalization symptoms. Further elucidation of these subtypes has potential implications for the etiology, mechanisms, and treatment of DDD.

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“…73 Although complex partial-seizure-like symptoms other than depersonalization/derealization themselves have yet to be explored fully in patients with diagnosed depersonalization disorder, nevertheless, in a sample of patients with BPD or PTSD, depersonalization/derealization symptoms were strongly associated with the presence of pseudohallucinations independent of diagnosis, and scores on the depersonalization subscale of the DES were the most strongly associated with psychotic symptoms. 55,74 DID and OSDD. DID and DID-like presentations of OSDD have been related to severe and prolonged early life trauma.…”

Section: Psychotic-like Symptoms In Trauma-related Disordersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering

2018

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Objective: To overview the phenomenology, etiology, assessment, and treatment of psychotic-like symptoms in traumarelated disorders focusing on the proposed role of temporal lobe dysfunction. Method: We describe the literature pertaining to (i) psychotic-like symptoms and temporal lobe dysfunction in traumarelated disorders and (ii) psychological testing profiles in trauma-related disorders. We define trauma-related disorders as borderline personality disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, and the dissociative disorders. Our search terms were dissociative disorders, temporal lobe, trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, borderline personality disorder, psychosis, and malingering. Results: Trauma-related psychotic-like symptoms are common and can differ in phenomenology from primary psychotic symptoms. Hallucinations consist of auditory and nonauditory content that may or may not relate to traumatic content. Child voices are highly suggestive of complex dissociative disorders. Critically, not only do these symptoms resemble those seen in temporal lobe epilepsy, but the temporal lobe is implicated in trauma-related disorders, thus providing a plausible neurobiological explanation. Despite such evidence, these symptoms are frequently considered atypical and misdiagnosed. Indeed, common structured psychological assessment tools categorize these symptoms as possible indicators of invalid testing profiles. Conclusion: Psychotic-like symptoms are common in trauma-related disorders, may be related to temporal lobe dysfunction, and are frequently misinterpreted. This may lead to ineffective treatment and inappropriate determinations of malingering in the forensic system.

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Where pseudo-hallucinations meet dissociation: a cluster analysis

Abstract: History of childhood trauma and variability in derealisation/depersonalization scores were better predictors of external, negative, uncontrollable voices than diagnosis of BPD or PTSD. The potential links between dissociative states and pseudo-hallucinations are discussed.

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Prevalence of auditory pseudohallucinations in adult survivors of physical and sexual trauma with chronic post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

Symptom variability in depersonalization–derealization disorder: A latent profile analysis

Psychotic-Like Symptoms and the Temporal Lobe in Trauma-Related Disorders: Diagnosis, Treatment, and Assessment of Potential Malingering

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