Where is the EU headed given its current climate policy? A stakeholder-driven model inter-comparison

COVID-19 recovery packages can benefit climate targets and clean energy jobs, but scale of impacts and optimal investment portfolios differ among major economies

“…This baseline scenario ought to represent where the region is headed given its climate policies in place, before COVID-19 recovery packages were announced. Hence, the current policies scenario was selected from Sognnaes et al, 32 which for the EU is further detailed in Nikas et al, 68 from which each model used its own trajectory, with an important amendment for the purposes of this study: to avoid the competition between existing current policies and the new technology subsidies (e.g., in the form of subsidies lowering the costs of achieving current policies), which could potentially alter the trajectories defined by policies already in place, the complete set of current policies was fixed, so that the newly modeled energy policies can come on top of what is already achieved with current policies. Fixing these current policies depended on each model.…”

The interplay among COVID-19 economic recovery, behavioural changes, and the European Green Deal: An energy-economic modelling perspective

“…On the supply side, the model is represented by nested constant elasticity of substitution production functions, while inter-sectoral exchanges are captured by conversion matrices. NEMESIS includes a detailed energy-environment module that allows the model to deal with climate mitigation policies, at EU and EU-national level [ 63 , 64 ], by detailing energy consumption by source as well as by integrating a technology-rich representation of power generation technologies. In particular, as a primarily economic model but with a detailed energy-environment module, it is well-equipped to calculate the impact of economic activity and the implementation of economic instruments, such as shocks to some of the exogenous variables, to emissions and energy price formation.…”

“…), the existing stocks of energy related equipment in all sectors, and the characteristics of available future technologies, as well as present and future sources of primary energy supply and their potentials. The EU-TIMES model, in particular, is designed for analysing the role of energy technologies and innovation needs for meeting European energy and climate policy targets [ 64 ]. It can consider policies affecting the entire energy system, sectors, as well as (sets of) various technologies/commodities [ 66 , 67 ].…”

AI and Data Democratisation for Intelligent Energy Management

“…More specifically, in climate change science and policy, there are increasing calls for 'unboxing' the 'black box' of the complex and diverse [62] quantitative systems modelling activities [63], which are predominantly used to inform decisions [64], and for opening them to non-experts [65]. This entails making science comprehensible and digestible [66], which goes beyond developing open-source tools [67] and instead aims to promote science co-production [68], inclusivity [69], and pluralism [70].…”