Where has all the message gone?

Davies, Eric; Stanković, Bratislav; Vian, Alain; Wood, Andrew J.

doi:10.1016/j.plantsci.2011.08.001

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…However, it is also possible that some of these alternatively spliced transcripts accumulate and are stored in RNA-processing bodies (P-bodies) or stress granules in drying embryos [81,82,83,84]. These transcripts encode proteins and enzymes involved in seed storage compound mobilization during germination, which involves similar types of metabolic processes as does heterotrophic metabolism during late maturation phases of embryo development [1,2,3,79,80].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in RNA Splicing in Developing Soybean (Glycine max) Embryos

Aghamirzaie

Nabiyouni

Fang

et al. 2013

Biology

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Developing soybean seeds accumulate oils, proteins, and carbohydrates that are used as oxidizable substrates providing metabolic precursors and energy during seed germination. The accumulation of these storage compounds in developing seeds is highly regulated at multiple levels, including at transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. RNA sequencing was used to provide comprehensive information about transcriptional and post-transcriptional events that take place in developing soybean embryos. Bioinformatics analyses lead to the identification of different classes of alternatively spliced isoforms and corresponding changes in their levels on a global scale during soybean embryo development. Alternative splicing was associated with transcripts involved in various metabolic and developmental processes, including central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, induction of maturation and dormancy, and splicing itself. Detailed examination of selected RNA isoforms revealed alterations in individual domains that could result in changes in subcellular localization of the resulting proteins, protein-protein and enzyme-substrate interactions, and regulation of protein activities. Different isoforms may play an important role in regulating developmental and metabolic processes occurring at different stages in developing oilseed embryos.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in RNA Splicing in Developing Soybean (Glycine max) Embryos

Aghamirzaie

Nabiyouni

Fang

et al. 2013

Biology

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“…A reduction of translation initiation decreases the number of ribosomes reinitiating translation on the same mRNA molecule, resulting in a reduced efficiency of translation. In a polysomal profile, such behavior could be observed by shifting of the mRNA from heavy polysomes to lighter polysomes and monosomes (51).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

LIN-35/Rb Causes Starvation-Induced Germ Cell Apoptosis via CED-9/Bcl2 Downregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Lascarez-Lagunas

Silva-García

Dinkova

et al. 2014

Molecular and Cellular Biology

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Apoptosis is an important mechanism for maintaining germ line health. In Caenorhabditis elegans, germ cell apoptosis occurs under normal conditions to sustain gonad homeostasis and oocyte quality. Under stress, germ cell apoptosis can be triggered via different pathways, including the following: (i) the CEP-1/p53 pathway, which induces germ cell apoptosis when animals are exposed to DNA damage; (ii) the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) pathway, which triggers germ cell apoptosis when animals are exposed to heat shock, oxidative stress, or osmotic stress; and (iii) an unknown mechanism that triggers germ cell apoptosis during starvation. Here, we address how starvation induces germ cell apoptosis. Using polysomal profiling, we found that starvation for 6 h reduces the translationally active ribosomes, which differentially affect the mRNAs of the core apoptotic machinery and some of its regulators. During starvation, lin-35/Rb mRNA increases its expression, resulting in the accumulation of this protein. As a consequence, LIN-35 downregulates the expression of the antiapoptotic gene ced-9/Bcl-2. We observed that the reduced translation of ced-9/Bcl-2 mRNA during food deprivation together with its downregulation drastically affects its protein accumulation. We propose that CED-9/Bcl-2 downregulation via LIN-35/Rb triggers germ cell apoptosis in C. elegans in response to starvation. Many germ cells (known in many organisms as nurse cells) are needed to produce a single oocyte. Once they have served their purpose, nurse cells are eliminated by apoptosis. An unsolved question in the germ cell field is how apoptosis is triggered to produce and sometimes protect germ cells. Adult Caenorhabditis elegans nematodes that encounter food deprivation enter a diapause stage that allows them to survive for a few months and put off fertility (1, 2). Later, when animals are subjected to better conditions, they exit adult diapause and restore fertility. Germ cell apoptosis is a key element to protect gonads from starvation, as exhibited by mutants of the caspase CED-3 that are unable to restore fertility after adult diapause (1). Previously, we found that starvation triggers germ cell apoptosis (3), and in this study we proposed a model to explain how this response is regulated in C. elegans.In C. elegans, apoptosis occurs in somatic tissues during embryonic and postembryonic development (developmental apoptosis) (4, 5) and in the adult hermaphrodite gonad (physiological germ cell apoptosis) (6). In this nematode, apoptosis is executed via a conserved pathway that consists of the proteins CED-3 (a caspase), CED-4 (APAF1-like adaptor protein), and CED-9 (BCL2 ortholog) (reviewed in references 7 and 8). Developmental apoptosis is initiated when the protein EGL-1 (BH3-only) disrupts the CED-9/CED-4 complex, thereby triggering CED-3 activation.The mechanism that induces physiological germ cell apoptosis is independent of EGL-1 (6) and is partially induced by the ortholog of the human retinoblastoma gene (Rb) lin-35, which...

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“…Half‐life of mRNAs ranges from minutes to hours, suggesting that protective mechanisms to safeguard stored mRNAs during seed life span should exist. Stress granules (SG) (Chantarachot & Bailey‐Serres, 2018; Davies et al, 2012) have recently been suggested as one of these protective structures (Sajeev et al, 2019). We found PAB2, a well‐stablished marker of SGs, more expressed in the long‐lived accession Da‐0, Pro‐0 or TDr‐3 than in the short‐lived accessions Ors‐1 or Bor‐4, suggesting higher accumulation of stress granules that could protect mRNAs from degradation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of wild‐type accessions reveals novel determinants of Arabidopsis seed longevity

Niñoles

Planes

Arjona

et al. 2022

Plant Cell & Environment

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Understanding the genetic factors involved in seed longevity is of paramount importance in agricultural and ecological contexts. The polygenic nature of this trait suggests that many of them remain undiscovered. Here, we exploited the contrasting seed longevity found amongst Arabidopsis thaliana accessions to further understand this phenomenon. Concentrations of glutathione were higher in longer‐lived than shorter‐lived accessions, supporting that redox poise plays a prominent role in seed longevity. However, high seed permeability, normally associated with shorter longevity, is also present in long‐lived accessions. Dry seed transcriptome analysis indicated that the contribution to longevity of stored messenger RNA (mRNAs) is complex, including mainly accession‐specific mechanisms. The detrimental effect on longevity caused by other factors may be counterbalanced by higher levels of specific mRNAs stored in dry seeds, for instance those of heat‐shock proteins. Indeed, loss‐of‐function mutant analysis demonstrated that heat‐shock factors HSF1A and 1B contributed to longevity. Furthermore, mutants of the stress‐granule zinc‐finger protein TZF9 or the spliceosome subunits MOS4 or MAC3A/MAC3B, extended seed longevity, positioning RNA as a novel player in the regulation of seed viability. mRNAs of proteins with putative relevance to longevity were also abundant in shorter‐lived accessions, reinforcing the idea that resistance to ageing is determined by multiple factors.

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Where has all the message gone?

Cited by 10 publications

References 85 publications

Changes in RNA Splicing in Developing Soybean (Glycine max) Embryos

Changes in RNA Splicing in Developing Soybean (Glycine max) Embryos

LIN-35/Rb Causes Starvation-Induced Germ Cell Apoptosis via CED-9/Bcl2 Downregulation in Caenorhabditis elegans

Comparative analysis of wild‐type accessions reveals novel determinants of Arabidopsis seed longevity

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