Where does moral conviction fit?: A factor analytic approach examining antecedents to attitude strength

Philipp-Muller, Aviva; Wallace, Laura; Wegener, Duane T.

doi:10.1016/j.jesp.2019.103900

Cited by 21 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…This research provided meta-analytic evidence (across four studies) that attitude strength might not only influence the link between attitudes and attraction but also between affective attraction and willingness to initiate a friendship (i.e., behavioral attraction). The patterns for the attitude strength-related properties followed previous work demonstrating stronger influences of attitudes associated with high levels of various attitude properties (e.g., Philipp-Muller et al, 2020 ). We also replicated two previously established findings: that similarity breeds attraction and that attitude strength-related properties moderate this relation (e.g., Montoya and Horton, 2013 ; Sawicki and Wegener, 2018 ; Wallace et al, 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

“…Thus, it is possible that other attitude features not measured in the present work (e.g., centrality) would have different effects than the features measured. Previous work has found that many of the most commonly examined subjective attitude features fall onto one of two major factors when examined factor analytically: namely, an attitude's embeddedness in one's identity or an attitude's internal consistency (Philipp-Muller et al, 2020). Attitude centrality, for example, consistently indicates an attitude's embeddedness and loads with an attitude's personal importance and its basis in morals and values.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Generally, attitude strength-related properties are considered distinct constructs ( Visser et al, 2006 ), with some properties relating more than others (i.e., some reflecting an attitudes embeddedness and others reflecting its internal consistency; Philipp-Muller et al, 2020 ). However, subjective strength-related properties can also predict the same outcomes in similar ways ( Bassili, 1996 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding When Similarity-Induced Affective Attraction Predicts Willingness to Affiliate: An Attitude Strength Perspective

et al. 2020

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Individuals reliably feel more attracted to those with whom they share similar attitudes. However, this affective liking does not always predict affiliative behavior, such as pursuing a friendship. The present research examined factors that influence the extent to which similarity-based affective attraction increases willingness to affiliate (i.e., behavioral attraction)-one potential step toward engaging in affiliative behavior. Research on attitude strength has identified attitude properties, such as confidence, that predict when an attitude is likely to impact relevant outcomes. We propose that when one's attitudes possess these attitude strength-related properties, affective attraction to those who share that attitude will be more likely to spark willingness to affiliate. Across four studies on a variety of topics, participants (N = 428) reported their attitudes and various attitude properties regarding a topic. They were introduced to a target and learned the target's stance on the issue. Participants reported their affective attraction and willingness to pursue friendship with the target. Consistent with past research, attitude similarity predicted affective attraction. More importantly, the relation between affective attraction and willingness to affiliate with the target was moderated by the attitude strength-related properties. A mini meta-analysis found this effect to be consistent across the four studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Understanding When Similarity-Induced Affective Attraction Predicts Willingness to Affiliate: An Attitude Strength Perspective

et al. 2020

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“…Although our findings lend support for the contention that elimination efforts have become moralized and that perceived threat contributes to this moralization, many other factors undoubtedly contribute to the asymmetries observed here. For example, it is possible that the salience of C19 drives moralization more strongly than perceptions of its harm (see Philipp-Muller, Wallace, & Wegener, 2020 ; Skitka, Wisneski, & Brandt, 2018 ). Alternatively, the moral language and media depictions surrounding C19 may amplify moralization, such as by activating disgust.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Moralization of Covid-19 health response: Asymmetry in tolerance for human costs

Graso

Chen

Reynolds

2021

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

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We hypothesized that because Covid-19 (C19) remains an urgent and visible threat, efforts to combat its negative health consequences have become moralized. This moralization of health-based efforts may generate asymmetries in judgement, whereby harmful by-products of those efforts (i.e., instrumental harm) are perceived as more acceptable than harm resulting from non-C19 efforts, such as prioritizing the economy or non-C19 issues. We tested our predictions in two experimental studies. In Study 1, American participants evaluated the same costs (public shaming, deaths and illnesses, and police abuse of power) as more acceptable when they resulted from efforts to minimize C19's health impacts, than when they resulted from non-health C19 efforts (e.g., prioritizing economic costs) or efforts unrelated to C19 (e.g., reducing traffic deaths). In Study 2, New Zealand participants less favorably evaluated the quality of a research proposal empirically questioning continuing a C19 elimination strategy in NZ than one questioning abandoning an elimination strategy, although both proposals contained the same amount of methodology information. This finding suggests questioning elimination approaches is morally condemned, a similar response to that found when sacred values are questioned. In both studies, condition effects were mediated by lowered moral outrage in response to costs resulting from pursuing health-minded C19 efforts. Follow-up analyses revealed that both heightened personal concern over contracting C19 and liberal ideology were associated with greater asymmetries in human cost evaluation. Altogether, results suggest reducing or eliminating C19 have become moralized, generating asymmetries in evaluations of human suffering.

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“…3 Although moralization has received quite a lot of attention, we note that some prior work has similarly considered an attitude's basis in core values as a predictor of strength (Blankenship & Wegener, 2008;Philipp-Muller, Wallace, & Wegener, 2020).…”

Section: Andrew Luttrellmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitude strength: Distinguishing predictors versus defining features

Luttrell

Sawicki

2020

Social & Personality Psych

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Attitudes play a fundamental role in many aspects of social psychology, but researchers have long recognized that attitudes vary in their susceptibility to change and their influence on behavior and cognitive processes. This insight lies at the heart of attitude strength, which is defined as an attitude's durability and impact. A variety of attitude attributes such as certainty and ambivalence have been shown to correlate with these aspects of attitude strength, which has made for some confusion as to what variables define strong attitudes versus predict an attitude's strength. In this article, we highlight this distinction between predictors and defining features of strength and review recent programs of research demonstrating the independence of strength‐related attitude attributes and attitude strength itself. Specifically, although some attitude attributes are associated with the attitude's durability and impact, there are conditions under which those attributes fail to predict attitude strength or even have the opposite effects. Throughout, this review reveals nuances in the attitude strength literature and provokes new questions for future inquiry.

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Where does moral conviction fit?: A factor analytic approach examining antecedents to attitude strength

Cited by 21 publications

References 48 publications

Understanding When Similarity-Induced Affective Attraction Predicts Willingness to Affiliate: An Attitude Strength Perspective

Understanding When Similarity-Induced Affective Attraction Predicts Willingness to Affiliate: An Attitude Strength Perspective

Moralization of Covid-19 health response: Asymmetry in tolerance for human costs

Attitude strength: Distinguishing predictors versus defining features

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