Where do you live? North versus Central-South differences in relation to Italian patients with oral lichen planus: a cross-sectional study from the SIPMO (Italian Society of Oral Pathology and Medicine)

Abstract

Background Oral lichen planus (OLP) is an immune-mediated inflammatory chronic disease of the oral mucosa, with different patterns of clinical manifestations which range from keratotic manifestations (K-OLP) to predominantly non-keratotic lesions (nK-OLP). The aim of the study was to analyze the differences in the clinical, psychological profile and symptoms between Italian patients of the North and Central-South with K-OLP and nK-OLP. Methods 270 K-OLP and 270 nK-OLP patients were recruited in 15 Italian universities. The Numeric Rating Scale (NRS), Total Pain Rating Index (T-PRI), Hamilton Rating Scales for Depression and for Anxiety (HAM-D and HAM-A), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), and Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) were administered. Results The Central-South K-OLP (CS-K-OLP) patients reported a higher frequency of pain/burning compared with the K-OLP patients of the North (N-K-OLP) with higher scores in the NRS and T-PRI (p value < 0.001**). The CS-K-OLP and the CS-nK-OLP patients showed higher scores in the HAM-D, HAM-A, PSQI and ESS compared with the Northern patients (p value < 0.001**). Multivariate logistic regression revealed that the NRS and T-PRI showed the greatest increase in the R2 value for the CS-K-OLP (DR2 = 9.6%; p value < 0.001**; DR2 = 9.7% p value < 0.001**; respectively) and that the oral symptoms (globus, itching and intraoral foreign body sensation) and PSQI showed the greatest increase in the R2 value for the CS-nK-OLP (DR2 = 5.6%; p value < 0.001**; DR2 = 4.5% p value < 0.001** respectively). Conclusions Pain and mood disorders are predominant in patients with OLP in the Central-South of Italy. Clinicians should consider that the geographical living area may explain the differences in oral symptoms and psychological profile in OLP.

Oral lichen planus in children: A systematic review

“…For paediatric lichen planus, possible associations with hepatitis B virus (HBV) or hepatitis B vaccination have been described ( 11 ). Moreover, genetic factors, lifestyle, and emotional stress might be contributing factors in OLP pathogenesis ( 12 , 13 ). In particular, in patients with paediatric lichen planus a higher incidence of positive family history for the disease is reported ( 14 ); on the other hand, genetic linkage studies reported an association between familial lichen planus and HLA B, HLA DR1 and DR10 ( 15 ).…”

Oral lichen planus in children: An Italian case series

“…According to a recent systematic review, the oral mucosa is involved in 22% of pediatric patients, compared to 30%–70% of adult patients 2 . The low incidence of OLPc seems to be related to factors such as low incidence of systemic and autoimmune diseases, low levels of stress (considered a exacerbation trigger factor in adults), less usage of amalgam and orthodontic materials, which were recognized precipitating factors 3,4 in adults, as well as no tobacco consumption, which is a known risk factor for oral LP, 5 and fewer symptoms, leading to a number of undiagnosed cases 6–9 . This study reports clinical findings, treatments, and outcomes of 13 Italian patients with OLPc diagnosed between 2001 and 2021.…”

“…2 The low incidence of OLPc seems to be related to factors such as low incidence of systemic and autoimmune diseases, low levels of stress (considered a exacerbation trigger factor in adults), less usage of amalgam and orthodontic materials, which were recognized precipitating factors 3,4 in adults, as well as no tobacco consumption, which is a known risk factor for oral LP, 5 and fewer symptoms, leading to a number of undiagnosed cases. [6][7][8][9] This study reports clinical…”

Application of the Extracts of Punica granatum in Oral Cancer: Scoping Review

“…Among the main oral cancers, we have oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which represents about 90% of total cases [ 28 ]; histologically, it consists of a multi-layered epithelium consisting of squamous cells with the presence of cellular and nuclear atypia [ 29 ]; clinically, it can manifest itself as an ulcer (erythroplakia) [ 30 ], or a white plaque (leukoplakia) [ 31 , 32 ] sometimes ulcerated with poorly defined margins, the localization of which can affect the entire epithelium of the oral cavity [ 31 ]. The annual incidence in the world is 350,000 new cases diagnosed, with a higher incidence in the population over 50 years of age [ 33 ].…”