Where Did the Time Go? Insights on the Meanings and Uses of Time in Sociological Social Psychology

Intergroup time bias and aversive racism in the medical context.

“…Drawing upon theories from the social psychology of time (McGrath, 1988;Vala et al, 2012;Youngreen & Silcox, 2020), intergroup relations (J. F. Dovidio et al, 2016;Tajfel & Turner, 1979), and contemporary research on implicit and explicit racial biases in the medical context (Hagiwara et al, 2013;Penner et al, 2019), we developed a theoretical framework and proposed that time is a valuable resource utilized in the medical context to favor ingroup members over outgroup members, particularly by those who exhibit an aversive racist profile. The pattern of findings provided robust experimental evidence that White medical trainees exhibit discriminatory behavior when allocating their time, investing more of it in White patients as opposed to Black patients.…”

“…Time has been studied by numerous research lines in social psychology, and its meaning varies depending on the characteristics of the object of study, the context, and the main theoretical framework used by researchers (see Youngreen & Silcox, 2020, for a review). For example, within the impression formation literature, time has been studied as the amount of attention individuals give to processing information about a target-person’s attributes (Neuberg & Fiske, 1987).…”

“…Regarding the value, meaning, and consequences of time in social relations, we note that studies developed from the social psychology of time theoretical framework have mainly focused on how people think about, organize, and perceive time (for review, see Youngreen & Silcox, 2020). In addition, previous research has sought to understand how these aspects influence the way people relate to themselves and others in their social environment (McGrath, 1988;Youngreen & Silcox, 2020). By considering bias in the investment of time in social interactions, the data from this research program advances discussions in this literature, since time is understood here as a resource that is used to favor ingroup (vs. outgroup) members (Tajfel & Turner, 1979).…”

“…It is central to understanding how people function in society because it is a social value, as expressed by the popular saying, “time is money” (Leclerc et al, 1995). In recent decades, the way people use and perceive time has become the object of research in various fields of knowledge (Hamermesh, 2019; Youngreen & Silcox, 2020). Recent studies have shown, for example, that time is considered even more important than money in framing individuals’ general well-being (see Dunn et al, 2020; A.…”

“…has become the object of research in various fields of knowledge (Hamermesh, 2019;Youngreen & Silcox, 2020). Recent studies have shown, for example, that time is considered even more important than money in framing individuals' general well-being (see Dunn et al, 2020;A.…”