Where All Passenger Liners Meet: New York as a Nodal Point for the Transatlantic Migrant Trade, 1885–1895

Feys, Torsten

doi:10.1177/084387140701900211

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 4 publications

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“…3 Comparable balance-of-payment measures for the 19th century have been difficult to establish, however, owing to a paucity of systematic time series of travel price data (Gould, 1979;Cohn, 2009). Steerage fares series have been compiled from shipping company sources by Keeling (2007Keeling ( , 2008a, Harley (1990), and Killick (2000Killick ( , 2014, and can be supplemented by useful additional though less extensive steerage price data sets (for example, Keeling (1999bKeeling ( , 2007Keeling ( , 2008a, Feys (2007) and Hvidt (1971)). North Atlantic freight rate information has been developed and made available by North (1958) and Harley (1988).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Cabin Fares from New York to the British Isles, 1826–1914

Dupont¹,

Keeling²,

Weiß³

2017

Research in Economic History

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We present a continuous time series on first cabin passenger fares for ocean travel from New York to the British Isles covering nearly a century of time. We discuss the conceptual and empirical difficulties of constructing such a time series, and examine the reasons for differences between the behavior of advertised fares and those based on passenger revenues. We find that while there are conceptual differences between these two measurements, as well as differences in the average values, the two generally moved in parallel, which means that the advertised fare series can serve as a reasonable proxy for movement of the revenue-based fares. We also find that advertised fares declined over time, roughly paralleling the drop in freight rates for U.S. bulk exports, until around 1890, but thereafter increased while freight rates continued to decline. We propose several hypotheses for this divergent behavior and suggest lines of future research.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Cabin Fares from New York to the British Isles, 1826–1914

Dupont¹,

Keeling²,

Weiß³

2017

Research in Economic History

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Prepaid tickets to the New World: the New York Continental Conference and transatlantic steerage Fares 1885–1895

Feys

2008

RHE / JILAEH

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p. 95). 4 Sloan uncovered secret agreements between Cunard and Collins, fixing minimum rates and pooling revenues for both passengers and cargo during the 1850s. Hyde found indirect evidence that by 1868 a conference agreement, fixing freight rates and minimum passenger fares was reached between the Glasgow and Liverpool steamshipping companies. Hvidt found evidence that, as early as 1871, migrant brokers in Copenhagen organized themselves in a sub-conference regulating local business and reporting to the main body in Liverpool. See Aldcroft (1974, p. 289), Hvidt (1978, p. 193), Hyde (1975, p. 94), Sloan (1992.5 Sjostrom (2004, p. 82). ABSTRACTThis article surveys the situation of the shipping cartels (conferences) which regulated transatlantic migrant transport from the European Continent to the United States. The focus of the article is to identify the internal and external pressures underlying these agreements and the strategies employed to neutralize these pressures. The author reaches the conclusion that a pool agreement was essential for the effectiveness of the Conference, which was both a means of horizontal integration regulating the competition between shipping companies and a means of vertical integration to gain control over the transatlantic migrant agent network selling the ocean passage tickets. The author also correlates the efficiency of the agreements with steerage fares and migration costs.

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Where All Passenger Liners Meet: New York as a Nodal Point for the Transatlantic Migrant Trade, 1885–1895

Cited by 2 publications

References 4 publications

First Cabin Fares from New York to the British Isles, 1826–1914

First Cabin Fares from New York to the British Isles, 1826–1914

Prepaid tickets to the New World: the New York Continental Conference and transatlantic steerage Fares 1885–1895

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