When working memory mechanisms compete: Predicting cognitive flexibility versus mental set

Stockum, Charles A. Van; DeCaro, Marci S.

doi:10.1016/j.cognition.2020.104313

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 89 publications

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“…Several cognitive processes, such as attention, switching ability and working memory, work together to implement cognitive flexibility [49]. Also, higher working memory capacity leads to better cognitive flexibility [50]. Therefore, our results provides some evidence that attentional impulsivity impacts working memory and attention.…”

Section: Hypothesis IIImentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluating Attentional Impulsivity: A Biomechatronic Approach

Zare

Sedighi

Delrobaei

2023

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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Executive function, also known as executive control, is a multifaceted construct encompassing several cognitive abilities, including working memory, attention, impulse control, and cognitive flexibility. To accurately measure executive functioning skills, it is necessary to develop assessment tools and strategies that can quantify the behaviors associated with cognitive control. Impulsivity, a range of cognitive control deficits, is typically evaluated using conventional neuropsychological tests. However, this study proposes a biomechatronic approach to assess impulsivity as a behavioral construct, in line with traditional neuropsychological assessments. The study involved thirty-four healthy adults, who completed the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11) as an initial step. A low-cost biomechatronic system was developed, and an approach based on standard neuropsychological tests, including the trail-making test and serial subtraction-by-seven, was used to evaluate impulsivity. Three tests were conducted: WTMT-A (numbers only), WTMT-B (numbers and letters), and a dual-task of WTMT-A and serial subtraction-by-seven. The preliminary findings suggest that the proposed instrument and experiments successfully generated an attentional impulsivity score and differentiated between participants with high and low attentional impulsivity.

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Section: Hypothesis IIImentioning

confidence: 56%

Evaluating Attentional Impulsivity: A Biomechatronic Approach

Zare

Sedighi

Delrobaei

2023

IEEE Trans. Instrum. Meas.

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“…A more comprehensive range of brain activity is observed, which means that the card containing not-q has a significant load on the working memory capacity [ 18 ], so correct responding requires strategy choosing and paying more sustained attention. It is particularly noteworthy that choosing a strategy needs to integrate proper attention directing and inhibition skills [ 41 , 42 ]. Higher inhibition ability would help participants structure their thinking [ 43 , 44 ] and use the analogy-based strategy while doing reasoning tasks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Set-shifting and inhibition interplay affect the rule-matching bias occurrence during conditional reasoning task

2022

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The rule-matching bias is a common error during conditional reasoning tasks, which refers to a tendency to match responses with the lexical context in the conditional rule and leads to incorrect responses. Conditional reasoning is one of the higher-level cognitive abilities affected by many cognitive skills. We aimed to determine whether inhibition and set-shifting skills with rule-matching bias occurrence could be related and, if so, to what quantitative, at a statistically significant level. A total of 30 healthy university students aged 18 to 30 participated in this study. We used the Wason's Selection Task (WST) to measure conditional reasoning and investigated their inhibition and set-shifting skills with the Stroop and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, respectively. Results showed a significant positive correlation between the number of correct responses to the Stroop test and the Wason Selection Card Test (p=0.614). There was a positive correlation between the number of correct responses to the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Wason Selection Card Test (p=0.423). Participants with higher inhibition and set-shifting abilities showed better performance in the conditional reasoning test and lower rule-matching bias errors.

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“…A key account of insight in problem-solving has been referred to as the “special-process” view (e.g., Bowden et al, 2005 ; Gilhooly et al, 2015 ) , because it proposes that insight is achieved through an open-minded thinking approach that is primarily driven by restructuring and associative processes that are nonconscious in nature. According to this view, attentional processes and WM are less important for insight and may even hinder the successful discovery of solutions (e.g., Ball et al, 2015 ; Van Stockum & DeCaro, 2020 ). On the other hand, the “business-as-usual” view (e.g., Ball & Stevens, 2009 ; Gilhooly et al, 2015 ) describes solutions to convergent thinking tasks as being accomplished through cognitively demanding processes, whereby participants use WM to plan and execute search strategies to reach a creative solution (e.g., MacGregor et al, 2001 ; Ormerod et al, 2002 ; Payne & Duggan, 2011 ).…”

Section: Theoretical Perspectives On Creativitymentioning

confidence: 99%

A meta-analytical review of the impact of mindfulness on creativity: Framing current lines of research and defining moderator variables

et al. 2023

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Findings relating to the impact of mindfulness interventions on creative performance remain inconsistent, perhaps because of discrepancies between study designs, including variability in the length of mindfulness interventions, the absence of control groups or the tendencies to explore creativity as one unitary construct. To derive a clearer understanding of the impact that mindfulness interventions may exert on creative performance, two meta-analytical reviews were conducted, drawing respectively on studies using a control group design (n = 20) and studies using a pretest–posttest design (n = 17). A positive effect was identified between mindfulness and creativity, both for control group designs (d = 0.42, 95% CIs [0.29, 0.54]) and pretest–posttest designs (d = 0.59, 95% CIs [0.38, 0.81]). Subgroup analysis revealed that intervention length, creativity task (i.e., divergent vs. convergent thinking tasks) and control group type, were significant moderators for control group studies, whereas only intervention length was a significant moderator for pretest–posttest studies. Overall, the findings support the use of mindfulness as a tool to enhance creative performance, with more advantageous outcomes for convergent as opposed to divergent thinking tasks. We discuss the implications of study design and intervention length as key factors of relevance to future research aimed at advancing theoretical accounts of the relationship between mindfulness and creativity.

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When working memory mechanisms compete: Predicting cognitive flexibility versus mental set

Cited by 13 publications

References 89 publications

Evaluating Attentional Impulsivity: A Biomechatronic Approach

Evaluating Attentional Impulsivity: A Biomechatronic Approach

Set-shifting and inhibition interplay affect the rule-matching bias occurrence during conditional reasoning task

A meta-analytical review of the impact of mindfulness on creativity: Framing current lines of research and defining moderator variables

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