“When we say no we mean no”: Interpreting negation in vision and language

Giora, Rachel; Heruti, Vered; Metuki, Nili; Fein, Ofer

doi:10.1016/j.pragma.2008.09.041

Cited by 34 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Numerous counter-productive effects of negation can be found in the literature: e.g. in the political context [8], in the context of prohibitive signs [9], in research on questions and negation as tools of insinuation [10], and in studies on mental control mechanisms [11]. However, it is also important to underline that in the last several years a large of amount research has shown that a delay in negation processing can be alleviated by pragmatics and different semantic contexts [12, 13,14,15,16,17,18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There was not, they did not: May negation cause the negated ideas to be remembered as existing?

Polczyk

2017

PLoS ONE

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In this article we demonstrate that negation of ideas can have paradoxical effects, possibly leading the listener to believe that the negated ideas actually existed. In Experiment 1, participants listened to a description of a house, in which some objects were mentioned, some were negated, and some were not mentioned at all. When questioned about the existence of these objects a week later, the participants gave more false positives for items that were negated in the original material than for items that were not mentioned at all, an effect we call negation related false memories (NRFM). The NRFM effect was replicated again in Experiment 2 with a sample of five and six year-old children. Experiment 3 confirmed NRFM in the case of negated actions. The results are discussed in terms of retention hypothesis, as well as the theory that negation can activate a representation of an entity and behaviour. It is also indicated that future research is needed to ensure that it is indeed negation which caused false alarms, not merely mentioning an object.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

There was not, they did not: May negation cause the negated ideas to be remembered as existing?

Polczyk

2017

PLoS ONE

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“…This importance has also been acknowledged in recent approaches to the subject in the field of cognitive linguistics: "It is well-known to both lay people and researchers interested in the meaningful functioning of language that antonymy (…) as a binary contrast used in order to express opposition, is a commonplace in all kinds of communicative modalities and registers: written as well as spoken, fact as well as fiction and formal as well as informal. Antonymy is also important in the design of iconic signs, such as traffic signs, and in visual works of art of different kinds (Giora, Heruti, Metuki, & Ofer, 2009)…" (Paradis & Willners, 2011). Everyday behavior is regulated by this relationship, more than one might realize: "Try visiting a public lavatory without checking which is the 'gents' and which is the 'ladies'.…”

Section: Introduction: Intermediates and The Cognitive Structure Of Omentioning

confidence: 99%

The middle of the road: Perceiving intermediates

et al. 2013

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This article aims to study the extension and immediacy of the perception of intermediates during the observation of images showing a variation in a spatial property from one extreme (e.g. at the top of a mountain) to the opposite extreme (e.g. at the bottom of a mountain). Three experiments were carried out: rating tasks were used in studies 1 and 3 and a classification task in study 2. Three main results emerged. The first result (concerning extension) is that people consistently recognize some instances of a dimension as intermediates (neither a… nor b) rather than as one or the other opposite pole (a, b). The number of these cases ranges from one to most of the experiences in between the two extremes, depending on the type of opposite considered. The second result (concerning immediacy) is that recognizing and rating intermediates did not take longer in most cases than recognizing and rating the two poles. The third result (concerning task influence) is that there were differences due to the type of task, i.e. rating and classification. The implications of these results are discussed within the framework of theories grounding cognition in perception.

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“…Note that the consequent instructions in (6) and (7) are stated in terms of erasing rather than removing, as in van der Sandt (1991). The concept of erasure was adopted from Giora et al (2009) and is intended to express the fact that x does not completely disappear from the mental model. Or, in other words, x will be retained rather than suppressed (see for this processing distinction Giora, 2003Giora, , 2007.…”

Section: Types Of Negation In Natural Languagementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Addressing the question whether the visual modality is equipped with devices equivalent to lexical/morphological markers such as no, not or un-, Giora et al (2009) call attention to conventional visual markers like (red) crosses and stripes used, for example, in traffic signs and price tags announcing discounts. Such markers establish negation by being superimposed upon an image (or a word), their scope being determined by their size.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

Oversteegen

Schilperoord

2014

Journal of Pragmatics

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In principle, verbal and image languages have different ways of coding conceptual content. Moreover, there is no reason to believe that both modes, the linguistic and the visual, can convey identical contents, and indeed, linguists have claimed that images are not suited for expressing the meaning of certain linguistic categories, like negation. As the linguistic literature argues convincingly, in natural language a distinction between negation and denial is justified. Employing insights in visual communication and cognition science, this paper explores the possibilities for visually expressing negation and/or denial. At the hand of both the analysis and an empirical pilot study of a set of advertisements, we come up with a positive answer to the title question: yes, pictures can say 'no'.

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“When we say no we mean no”: Interpreting negation in vision and language

Cited by 34 publications

References 17 publications

There was not, they did not: May negation cause the negated ideas to be remembered as existing?

There was not, they did not: May negation cause the negated ideas to be remembered as existing?

The middle of the road: Perceiving intermediates

Can pictures say no or not? Negation and denial in the visual mode

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