When triangles become human

Müller, Barbara; Oostendorp, Anke; Kühn, Simone; Braß, Marcel; Dijksterhuis, Ap; Baaren, Rick B. van

doi:10.1075/is.16.1.03mul

Cited by 10 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…In recent years, however, various VIs, such as those depicting Down syndrome and vitiligo, have emerged in the digital realm. According to prior research, the humanlikeness of non-human entities can profoundly influence interactions, fostering interpersonal closeness and smoother interactions (Müller et al, 2014(Müller et al, , 2015Nijssen et al, 2019). Exploring the potential impact of these VIs on promoting awareness of diversity and inclusion could be a pivotal area of study.…”

Section: Limitations and Future Study Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake human but real influencer: the interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?

Ju,

Kim,

2024

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Recently, there has been a lot of interest in industry and academia in virtual influencers (VIs). This study aimed to augment the understanding of VI marketing by exploring the relationship between VI’s characteristics (i.e., their humanlikeness level and operator type), their social media post characteristics (i.e., emotional expression, use of pronouns, use of punctuation marks), and consumer engagement. The analysis of three popular VIs’ Instagram profiles and posts revealed that VIs with less humanlike appearances tend to exhibit stronger positive emotional expressions. Interestingly, the level of humanlikeness in appearance was not associated with VI's other post characteristics, suggesting other intrinsic factors (e.g., the VI’s character and virtual universe) may play a pivotal role. Whether a brand operates the VI or not made a statistically significant difference in the VI’s post characteristics. Assessment of user engagement metrics (i.e., number of likes and comments) showed that users prefer hyper-realistic VIs and VIs operated by non-brand agencies, underscoring the importance of perceived authenticity in the digital realm. The emotions expressed by VIs, along with their use of punctuation, were positively related to user engagement.

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Section: Limitations and Future Study Suggestionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fake human but real influencer: the interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?

Ju,

Kim,

2024

Fash Text

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“…Bottom-up cues may consist of different properties, including autonomous movement (Morewedge et al, 2007) or human-like physical features such as eyes or limbs (e.g., Kühn et al, 2014;Nijssen et al, 2019;Tam et al, 2013). Conversely, regardless of what an entity looks like, people may have certain top-down beliefs or knowledge about its capacities (Liepelt et al, 2010;Müller et al, 2014Müller et al, , 2015Stenzel et al, 2012), such as its ability to feel emotions, to form intentions, to think, or to communicate (e.g., Gray et al, 2007). Taken together, a species' physical appearance as well as our knowledge about their mental capacities provide a conceptual model that allows us to investigate differential effects on species engagement (Figure 1).…”

Section: Theoretical Backgroundmentioning

confidence: 99%

It’s what on the inside that counts: Addressing the biodiversity crisis by emphasizing species’ inner mental lives

Nijssen,

Krainz,

White

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The biodiversity crisis is threatening the survival of all species on our planet. The taxonomic bias complicates this issue further: species that are taxonomically closer to humans receive more funding and research attention than those that are taxonomically more remote and potentially important ecologically. The current research takes a social similarity approach to explain species engagement – defined as the extent to which we feel related to other species and experience care and concern over their well-being. We distinguish between two factors that influence perceptions, attitudes and behavior regarding other animals: bottom-up visual cues (regarding physical similarity) and top-down knowledge or beliefs about animals’ capacities (implying mental similarity). We tested the relative importance of these two factors for human engagement with other species, with both a correlational (Study 1: N=564) and an experimental study (Study 2: N=204). A sample of species was systematically selected to represent a range of the phylogenetic tree. Species engagement was operationalized at three levels: self-other overlap, moral concern, and conservation support; the latter was a behavioral measure with real-life consequences. Results of Study 1 indicate clear differential effects of a species’ mental versus physical similarity on participants’ species engagement, with mental similarity having an up to 4 times larger effect on perceived overlap, moral concern, and actual conservation support. Results from Study 2 replicated the pattern of results for physical similarity which affected perceived overlap and moral concern, but not conservation support. Further replicating Study 1, mental similarity significantly increased conservation support across species; but effects for self-other overlap or moral concern were not replicated, with potential explanations discussed. Findings demonstrate the usefulness of a social similarity approach to conservation psychology and offer a novel perspective for communications around nature conservation.

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“…Identification with avatars and robots occurs with both humanoid and nonhumanoid avatars. For example, even computer-driven triangle shapes are perceived to have intentionality [ 33 , 34 ]. Therefore, it is expected that this study will see improved reliability, increased completion rates, and similar psychometric properties retained following validity analysis, in the app-based delivery.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of a Paper- Versus App-Administered Resilience Scale in Scottish Youths: Comparative Study

Mcgeough¹,

Gallagher-Mitchell²,

Clark³

et al. 2021

JMIR Mhealth Uhealth

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Background Adequately measuring resilience is important to support young people and children who may need to access resources through social work or educational settings. A widely accepted measure of youth resilience has been developed previously and has been shown to be suitable for vulnerable youth. While the measure is completed by the young person on paper, it has been designed to be worked through with a teacher or social worker in case further clarification is required. However, this method is time consuming and, when faced with large groups of pupils who need assessment, can be overwhelming for schools and practitioners. This study assesses app software with a built-in avatar that can guide young persons through the assessment and its interpretation. Objective Our primary objective is to compare the reliability and psychometric properties of a mobile software app to a paper version of the Child and Youth Resilience measure (CYRM-28). Second, this study assesses the use of the CYRM-28 in a Scottish youth population (aged 11-18 years). Methods Following focus groups and discussion with teachers, social workers, and young people, an avatar was developed by a software company and integrated into an android smartphone app designed to ask questions via the device’s inbuilt text-to-voice engine. In total, 714 students from 2 schools in North East Scotland completed either a paper version or app version of the CYRM-28. A cross-sectional design was used, and students completed their allocated version twice, with a 2-week period in between each testing. All participants could request clarification either from a guidance teacher (paper version) or from the in-built software glossary (app version). Results Test and retest correlations showed that the app version performed better than the paper version of the questionnaire (paper version: r303=0.81; P<.001; 95% CI 0.77-0.85; app version: r413=0.84; P<.001; 95% CI 0.79-0.89). Fisher r to z transformation revealed a significant difference in the correlations (Z=–2.97, P<.01). Similarly, Cronbach α in both conditions was very high (app version: α=.92; paper version: α=.87), suggesting item redundancy. Ordinarily, this would lead to a possible removal of highly correlated items; however, our primary objective was to compare app delivery methods over a pen-and-paper mode and was hence beyond the scope of the study. Fisher r to z transformation revealed a significant difference in the correlations (Z=–3.69, P<.01). A confirmatory factor analysis supported the 3-factor solution (individual, relational, and contextual) and reported a good model fit (χ215=27.6 [n=541], P=.24). Conclusions ALEX, an avatar with an integrated voice guide, had higher reliability when measuring resilience than a paper version with teacher assistance. The CFA reports similar structure using the avatar when compared against the original validation.

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When triangles become human

Cited by 10 publications

References 51 publications

Fake human but real influencer: the interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?

Fake human but real influencer: the interplay of authenticity and humanlikeness in Virtual Influencer communication?

It’s what on the inside that counts: Addressing the biodiversity crisis by emphasizing species’ inner mental lives

Reliability and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) of a Paper- Versus App-Administered Resilience Scale in Scottish Youths: Comparative Study

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