When Things Are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources

Potts, Geoffrey F.; Martin, Laura E.; Burton, Philip; Montague, P. Read

doi:10.1162/jocn.2006.18.7.1112

Cited by 276 publications

(279 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In general, this is in line with several prior studies demonstrating such influence for simpler visual cue stimuli (e.g., Bellebaum & Daum, 2008;Martin & Potts, 2011;Mas-Herrero & Marco-Pallarés, 2014;Pfabigan et al, 2011;Pfabigan et al, 2015;Potts et al, 2006;Walsh & Anderson, 2011). More specifically, the observed patterns in the feedback-locked FRN and FMθ power suggest that outcome processing in the pMFC is sensitive to different types of reward prediction errors.…”

Section: Feedback Reception Stagesupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Previous research has repeatedly demonstrated that neural mechanisms involved in such performance monitoring functions are subject to action-outcome expectancies. In particular, numerous recent studies have shown that electrocortical correlates of performance monitoring in the scalp-recorded electroencephalogram (EEG) are sensitive to the predictive value of cue stimuli preceding action outcomes (e.g., Bellebaum & Daum, 2008;Chase, Swainson, Durham, Benham, & Cools, 2011;Hauser et al, 2014;Hewig et al, 2007;Martin & Potts, 2011;Mas-Herrero & Marco-Pallarés, 2014;Pfabigan, Alexopoulos, Bauer, & Sailer, 2011;Pfabigan et al, 2015;Potts, Martin, Burton, & Montague, 2006;Walsh & Anderson, 2011;Wu & Zhou, 2009;Xu et al, 2011). In the majority of these studies, the indicative cues were simple visual stimuli like, for instance, geometrical shapes, letters, or colors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Face-induced expectancies influence neural mechanisms of performance monitoring

Osinsky

Seeger

Mussel

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

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In many daily situations, the consequences of our actions are predicted by cues that are often social in nature. For instance, seeing the face of an evaluator (e.g., a supervisor at work) may activate certain evaluative expectancies, depending on the history of prior encounters with that particular person. We investigated how such face-induced expectancies influence neurocognitive functions of performance monitoring. We recorded an electroencephalogram while participants completed a time-estimation task, during which they received performance feedback from a strict and a lenient evaluator. During each trial, participants first saw the evaluator's face before performing the task and, finally, receiving feedback. Therefore, faces could be used as predictive cues for the upcoming evaluation. We analyzed electrocortical signatures of performance monitoring at the stages of cue processing, task performance, and feedback reception. Our results indicate that, at the cue stage, seeing the strict evaluator's face results in an anticipatory preparation of fronto-medial monitoring mechanisms, as reflected by a sustained negative-going amplitude shift (i.e., the contingent negative variation). At the performance stage, face-induced expectancies of a strict evaluation rule led to increases of early performance monitoring signals (i.e., frontal-midline theta power). At the final stage of feedback reception, violations of outcome expectancies differentially affected the feedback-related negativity and frontalmidline theta power, pointing to a functional dissociation between these signatures. Altogether, our results indicate that evaluative expectancies induced by face-cues lead to adjustments of internal performance monitoring mechanisms at various stages of task processing.

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Section: Feedback Reception Stagesupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Face-induced expectancies influence neural mechanisms of performance monitoring

Osinsky

Seeger

Mussel

et al. 2015

Cogn Affect Behav Neurosci

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, the exact sources remain speculative due to the low number of electrodes included in the current study and the fact that the scalp distribution does not necessarily reflect the exact location of its underlying sources (Guillem et al, 2001;Potts and Tucker, 2001). Recently, for instance, P2a was linked to sources in medial prefrontal cortex (Potts et al, 2006). Hence, future research with brain monitoring techniques that have a greater spatial resolution compared to ERPs (e.g., fMRI) is needed to confirm our hypothesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 79%

Developmental brain alterations in 17 year old boys are related to antenatal maternal anxiety

Mennes

Bergh

Lagae

et al. 2009

Clinical Neurophysiology

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General rightsCopyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights.-Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research -You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain -You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright, please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. a b s t r a c tObjective: To assess the association between maternal anxiety during pregnancy and the brain activity of 17 year old adolescents performing two cognitive control tasks. Methods: Twenty-three 17 year old boys of mothers whose level of anxiety was measured during pregnancy were investigated using ERP while performing a Go/Nogo paradigm assessing exogenous cognitive control and a Gambling paradigm requiring endogenous cognitive control. Results: No effects of antenatal maternal anxiety were observed in the Go/Nogo paradigm. However, in the Gambling paradigm adolescents of the high anxiety group (n = 8) showed a less efficient pattern of decision making compared to the adolescents in the low-average anxiety group (n = 15). Moreover, only for this task the ERP data showed an enlarged early frontal P2a component in the high anxiety group. Conclusions: The brain activity of adolescents during an endogenous cognitive control task is associated to the level of anxiety experienced by their mother during pregnancy. This association was not observed during an exogenous cognitive control task. Significance: This study indicates that a child's brain functionality is related to its mother's anxiety during pregnancy. Endogenous cognitive control is regarded the cognitive function most affected by the level of antenatal maternal anxiety.

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“…While the present findings fit with each of the response-based theories of the ERN, they are also in line with a related component, the feedback-related negativity (FRN). FRN occurs following a feedback stimulus long after a given response (Badgaiyan and Posner 1998;Gehring and Willoughby 2002;Holroyd and Coles 2002;Miltner et al 1997;Nieuwenhuis et al 2004a) with greater amplitude following negative, unexpected feedback (Cohen et al 2007;Hajcak et al 2007;Holroyd et al 2003;Potts et al 2006). …”

Section: Do the Waveforms Reflect Ern Activity?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Performance Monitoring During Sensorimotor Adaptation

Anguera

Seidler²,

Gehring³

2009

Journal of Neurophysiology

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Error detection and correction are essential components of motor skill learning. These processes have been well characterized in cognitive psychology using electroencephalography (EEG) to record an eventrelated potential (ERP) called error-related negativity (ERN). However, it is unclear whether this ERP component is sensitive to the magnitude of the error made in a sensorimotor adaptation task. In the present study, we tested the function of error-related activity in a visuomotor adaptation task. To examine whether error size is reflected in the ERP, two groups of participants adapted manual aiming movements to either a small (30°) or large (45°) rotation of the visual feedback display. Each participant's trials were sorted into large and small error trials using a median split to examine potential error magnitude waveform differences. We also examined these trial types at the early and late stages of adaptation. There were no group differences for the behavioral or neural measures; however, waveforms from large error trials were significantly different from small error trials. The waveforms also changed as a function of practice as early adaptation waveforms were larger than late adaptation waveforms. The observed ERP component reflected differences in error magnitude with the amount of activity corresponding to the size of the error. Movement monitoring potentials likely affected the frequency and time course of the waveform so that it did not resemble the typical ERN; however, error-related activity was still distinguishable. The present findings are discussed in terms of current theories of the ERN as well as skill acquisition.

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When Things Are Better or Worse than Expected: The Medial Frontal Cortex and the Allocation of Processing Resources

Cited by 276 publications

References 34 publications

Face-induced expectancies influence neural mechanisms of performance monitoring

Face-induced expectancies influence neural mechanisms of performance monitoring

Developmental brain alterations in 17 year old boys are related to antenatal maternal anxiety

Changes in Performance Monitoring During Sensorimotor Adaptation

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