When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

Baird, Sarah; McIntosh, Craig; Özler, Berk

doi:10.1596/1813-9450-7901

Cited by 59 publications

(78 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…First, we add to the literature that studies the design and implementation of transfer programs (Baird et al, 2011, Barrera-Osorio et al, 2011, Glewwe and Muralidharan, 2016. Consistent with the results in previous studies (Baird et al, 2016, Araujo et al, 2016, Baez and Camacho, 2011, Akresh et al, 2013, we find that unconditional transfers do not lead to long term improvements in human capital outcomes. Second, we add to the literature that studies how micronutrient consumption -or lack thereof -in early life contributes to learning (Almond et al, 2011, Maluccio et al, 2009, Feyrer et al, 2017, Chong et al, 2016.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Medium Term Impacts of Cash and In-Kind Food Transfers on Learning

Avitabile¹,

Cunha

Cohn

2019

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The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 88%

The Medium Term Impacts of Cash and In-Kind Food Transfers on Learning

Avitabile¹,

Cunha

Cohn

2019

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“…Other child health studies had dichotomous measures: any stunted or wasted child and infant or child death by the survey. While not all authors were specific about whether the child mortality measure was inclusive of infant mortality, that is whether the child mortality results refer to 4q1 rather than 5q0, or whether infant mortality was inclusive of neonatal mortality, based on the wording provided, all papers that assessed infant or child mortality included younger age brackets except for Baird, McIntosh and Özler's (2018) measure of infant mortality, which excluded neonatal mortality. For the paper investigating maternal morbidity, all measures were dichotomous: ever experienced fever, excessive vaginal bleeding or convulsions during pregnancy and mastitis after childbirth.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Only one paper analysed data from a randomised controlled trial. Fifteen of the 16 studies took advantage of natural experiments, e.g.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In our ‘risk of bias’ assessment, while only one study scored a five or six , given the stringent criteria for this review, we consider all papers that met our inclusion criteria to be higher quality than much of the existing literature. The scores assigned are a function of the level of detail reported by the authors, rather than fundamental flaws in study design.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evidence for causal links between education and maternal and child health: systematic review

Mensch

Chuang

Melnikas

et al. 2019

Tropical Med Int Health

103

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Objective Numerous studies have documented an inverse association between years of schooling attained, particularly by women, and reduced maternal, infant and child mortality. However, if factors affecting educational attainment — many of which are unobservable, e.g. motivation and genetic endowment — also affect the likelihood of engaging in behaviours that enhance health, then assumed effects of schooling will be inflated in analyses that do not address this endogeneity. This systematic review assesses evidence for a causal link between education and maternal and child health in low and middle‐income countries. Methods Eligible studies controlled for observable and unobservable factors affecting both education and health. Reported effects were converted into partial correlations. When possible, we also conducted meta‐analyses to estimate mean effects by outcome. Results Of 4952 papers identified, 16 met the inclusion criteria. The 15 child health papers examined neonatal, infant and child mortality, stunting and wasting. Significant effects of education on infant and child health were observed for 30 of 33 models that did not account for endogeneity. In contrast, only 18 of 46 effects were significant in models that addressed endogeneity. Notably, for only one outcome —child mortality measured dichotomously —was the effect of maternal educational attainment significant in a meta‐analysis. The one maternal morbidity paper found significant effects for the two preventable outcomes considered. Conclusion While we find evidence for a causal link between education and health, effects are weaker in models that address endogeneity compared to naïve models that do not account for unobservable factors affecting both education and health. Advances in women's educational outcomes have undoubtedly played a role in improving health in many settings; however, the effect is not as strong as some researchers and advocates have claimed.

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“…Profits were only measured a the 4-year endline. We model an immediate treatment effect of 18,000 UGX beginning at baseline and spanning 4 years, after which the treatment effect decreases linearly towards our 9-year estimate of 4,800 UGX.24 As an additional robustness analysis, we follow(Baird et al, 2017) and analyze results of our 4-and 9-year follow up using the subset of individuals found in both surveys. For example, if the population that attrited after 9-years was significantly different from the sample found in the 4-year survey, such a difference…”

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confidence: 99%

The Long Term Impacts of Grants on Poverty: 9-Year Evidence from Uganda's Youth Opportunities Program

2018

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In 2008, Uganda granted hundreds of small groups $400/person to help members start individual skilled trades. Four years on, an experimental evaluation found grants raised earnings by 38% (Blattman, Fiala, Martinez 2014). We return after 9 years to find these start-up grants raised earnings and consumption temporarily only. Grantees' investment leveled off; controls eventually increased their incomes through business and casual labor; and so both groups converged in employment, earnings, and consumption. Grants had lasting impacts on assets, skilled work, and possibly child health, but had little effect on mortality, fertility, health or education.

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When the Money Runs Out: Do Cash Transfers Have Sustained Effects on Human Capital Accumulation?

Cited by 59 publications

References 22 publications

The Medium Term Impacts of Cash and In-Kind Food Transfers on Learning

The Medium Term Impacts of Cash and In-Kind Food Transfers on Learning

Evidence for causal links between education and maternal and child health: systematic review

The Long Term Impacts of Grants on Poverty: 9-Year Evidence from Uganda's Youth Opportunities Program

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