When the lads go hunting: The ‘Hammertown mechanism’ and the conflict over wolves in Norway

Krange, Olve; Skogen, Ketil

doi:10.1177/1466138110397227

Cited by 51 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…The uniting of heterogeneous ruralities through discursive interconnection does raise questions concerning the directionality of the counterpublics. Krange and Skogen (2011) suggested there is a tendency to portray the practices of hunting movements as more coherent and directional than they are. This contention coheres with counterpublic scholarship which has emphasised the critical, anti-institutional and alternative discursive nature of counterpublics more so than their pursuit of clearly defined objectives or list of bargaining points (Wimmer, 2005).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Following increased pressure and regulation on hunting in other parts of Europe, the Nordic hunters have become outright hostile to EU and governmental intervention in their lifestyles (Bisi and Kurki, 2008;Cinque et al, 2012). Non-hunting 'urban outsiders' or 'townsfolk' have increasingly been construed by hunters as being in alliance with scientists, politicians and natural resource managers in a hegemonic formation that is seen to systematically exclude hunting points of view on a fundamental level in the public debate on the rural landscape (Krange and Skogen, 2011).…”

Section: A Subculture Under Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Though the latter, sympathy for marginalised ruralities following the appropriation of cultural rural landscapes has generated scepticism toward the state. As evidence of this in Nordic wolf reintroduction, trust in authorities has declined significantly among the general public (Ericsson et al, 2012) and public attitudes have become more forgiving toward illegal hunting in the countryside (Bisi et al, 2007;Krange and Skogen, 2011;Peltola et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This sets counterpublic apart from subcultures and countercultures in allowing members to form part of a public sphere of their own making that grants them a (counter) form of authenticity as citizens rather than mere membership. Krange and Skogen (2011) used the Hammertown mechanism as a way to explain how hunting movements mobilised in opposition to large carnivore conservation in the Nordic countries were successful on the level of achieving a certain autonomy through its subculture, but purchased this at the considerable cost of further marginalisation of its members by way of blocking conventional political access. In the case of illegal hunting as the extremist outcome of an unsuccessful counterpublic, the illegal nature of the practice means that members literally place themselves outside of the law, outside of and counter to dominant social norms, and outside of (even counter-) public parameters.…”

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The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting

Essen

Hansen

Källström

et al. 2015

Journal of Rural Studies

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Abstract:Populist hunting movements have risen in recent years to safeguard rural interests against nature conservation.In extreme cases this movement has been accompanied by the illegal hunting of protected species. Using Sweden and Finland as a case study, the article elucidates how the perceived exclusion of hunters in the public debate on conservation mobilised this subculture toward resistance against regulatory agencies. Establishment of an alternative discursive platform comprising several ruralities -counterpublic in Negt and Kluge's original term -allowed hunters to publicise oppositional needs, interests and rationalities in the debate, and was a key juncture in their radicalisation trajectory. Finally the paper argues that failure to grant recognition to the counterpublic radicalised some individuals beyond counterpublic by engaging in illegal hunting. This practice is marked by the termination of political debate with society and represents a danger to political legitimacy.

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confidence: 99%

Section: A Subculture Under Threatmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

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The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting

Essen

Hansen

Källström

et al. 2015

Journal of Rural Studies

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“…15 -2004. 43 Skogen and Krange 2003;Krange and Skogen 2011;Figari and Skogen 2011. 44 , bear, wolverine, and lynx 1966-75].…”

Section: Practical Problems Of Protectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

How Many Wolves Does it Take to Protect the Population? Minimum Viable Population Size as a Technology of Government in Endangered Species Management (Norway, 1970s-2000s)

Stokland¹

2016

Environment and History

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Abstract:The article investigates how the protection of wolves in Norway has been conducted in practice since the legal protection of wolves was enacted in the early 1970s, by tracing how political decisions to regulate the number of wolves Norway should protect have been determined. The scientific concept of a 'minimum viable population size' (MVP size), which the article construes as a technology of government, has been a central instrument in these processes. The article examines how biologists, nature managers, bureaucrats, politicians and others have attempted to define and employ MVP size through the period, and how many of the political negotiations concerning Norwegian wolf numbers have played out as controversies over what constitutes a viable population. The major issues have concerned how a viable population should be theoretically defined, how many wolves this would mean in practice, and whether a viable population could be shared with other countries. The article identifies two decisive moments of transition in the way MVP size has been employed in the protection of wolves in Norway, in which the authority to define its content was transferred first from biologists to nature managers, and later to politicians. These shifts involved major transitions in the practice of determining MVP size and in the number of wolves considered necessary for protecting a viable population. In a larger perspective, the article argues that environmental historians have much to gain from delving deeper into the practices and technologies of government, in terms of the histories of endangered species management and nature management, more generally.

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Characterizing social conflict over wolf reintroduction in Colorado: A theoretical model of intergroup conflict

Gonzalez,

Heid,

Niemiec

2024

People and Nature

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Context: Wolf restoration is a highly divisive issue in the American West, with stakeholder conflict driven by value and identity‐based disagreements. Research suggests that such conflicts require reconciliation to repair intergroup relations before negotiations to address the issue can begin, yet, in the conservation and natural resource management fields, stakeholder processes about divisive issues typically focus only on negotiations. There is a gap in the literature on how to identify and target the drivers of value and identity‐based conflicts. Approach: We interviewed stakeholders highly engaged in the issue of proposed wolf reintroduction in Colorado to gain insight on the drivers of the conflict and to inform reconciliation interventions. We pulled from conflict and peace‐building theories to frame our analysis, specifically suggestions that conflict is fueled by four categories of perceptions, including perceptions of: the group one is in conflict with, one's own social group, the relationship between groups, and the nature of the conflict. Key Findings: We found that all interviewees discussed perceptions that can fuel conflict within each of these four categories. However, interviewees who identified as 3rd parties to the conflict primarily discussed the relationships between those in conflict and engaged in thoughtful perspective‐taking, an activity that can help reduce conflict. Conversely, both those strongly in support of reintroduction and strongly opposed to reintroduction most commonly described negative perceptions about individuals they are in conflict with and positive perceptions about themselves and their social group. For example, when discussing others, both groups described each other as acting in unjust and unfair ways, as being incapable of or unwilling to change, and as misinformed. When describing positive perceptions of themselves, both those in support and those in opposition viewed their own goals as just and themselves as victims of outgroup members’ actions. Synthesis and applications: Based on our findings, we suggest various reconciliation interventions that may assist wildlife managers in reducing the conflict about wolf reintroduction in Colorado. These recommendations may also be applicable to wildlife managers working on other issues with high stakeholder conflict. Read the free Plain Language Summary for this article on the Journal blog.

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When the lads go hunting: The ‘Hammertown mechanism’ and the conflict over wolves in Norway

Cited by 51 publications

References 8 publications

The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting

The radicalisation of rural resistance: How hunting counterpublics in the Nordic countries contribute to illegal hunting

How Many Wolves Does it Take to Protect the Population? Minimum Viable Population Size as a Technology of Government in Endangered Species Management (Norway, 1970s-2000s)

Characterizing social conflict over wolf reintroduction in Colorado: A theoretical model of intergroup conflict

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