When support is “pawsed”: Increased attachment mediates the association between loss of support and pet bereavement during the pandemic

Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic has introduced and exacerbated innumerable stressors for Americans. Pet ownership has been shown to help individuals cope with stress and loneliness. However, given the shorter life spans of most pets compared to humans, many pet owners inevitably dealt with pet loss and its associated grief during the pandemic. We surveyed 284 community and college participants that had suffered the loss of a pet during the pandemic. We asked these pet owners about their pandemic-related experiences over the preceding year with regard to the types of losses they experienced, whether they experienced isolation through quarantine and their perception of social support. We also measured their general attachment to pets along with the grief they felt as a result of pet loss. We hypothesized that greater loss, increased isolation, and reduced social support would lead to increased attachment to pets, which would intensify the experience of grief. Mediated regression analyses revealed a direct effect of loss on grief that was not mediated through attachment. Unexpectedly, greater perceived social support showed an indirect effect on grief through stronger attachment to pets. Results confirm prior findings that greater pet attachment leads to more intense pet grief, but the attachment was not intensified through loss of support social or increased isolation as predicted. It is important to recognize the substantial impact of pet loss, especially during stressful times, and this topic deserves further investigation, perhaps with a greater focus on the type of pet and pet-specific measures of attachment.

The Well-Being of Companion Animal Caregivers and Their Companion Animals during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Scoping Review

“…Study population sizes ranged from 4-12,068 (mean: 1686; median: 611). Most studies recruited participants from the general population, although some focused on specific subgroups, including people living alone [133,153]; older adults [85,94,108,110,180,192]; adolescents [137,146,147], both children and adolescents [193], both parents and adolescents [95] or both parents and children [117]; parents [80][81][82]91,143,171]; teleworkers [119,125,172]; employees [183]; university students [111,149] or university students with emotional support animals [126]; individuals identifying as sexual or gender minorities [141]; people with severe mental illness [178]; people with dementia and their caregivers [166]; AIDS survivors [114]; unhoused individuals [105]; people with experience of veterinary consultations during the pandemic [92,93]; people who met the criteria for low-income veterinary care support [145]; people who had suffered the loss of an animal during the pandemic [150]; people who had purchased dogs during lockdown [113,157,158,188]; and domestic abuse helpline staff…”

“…One study examined predictors of grief following animal loss during the pandemic [150]. Attachment to the animal and experience of other losses during the pandemic predicted greater levels of grief, while isolation was not associated with grief.…”